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BDS4 Drugs and BAMS Revision > CVS drugs > Flashcards

CVS drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What CVS drugs prevent further disease

A

Anti platelet drugs

Lipid lowering drugs

Anti-arrhythmics

Anticoagulants

Diuretics

Ace-inhibitors

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2
Q

What CVS drugs reduce symptoms of current disease

A

Diuretics

Anti-arrhythmics

Nitrates

Calcium channel blockers

Ace-inhibitors

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3
Q

List 3 antiplatelet drugs

A

Aspirin

Clopidogrel

Dipyridamole

Prasugrel

Ticagrelor

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4
Q

How do anti-platelet drugs work

A

They inhibit platelet aggregation, prevent blood clots from forming by making them not stick together

They affect the number or function of platelets

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5
Q

How do anticoagulants work

A

They directly interfere with the coagulation cascade

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6
Q

How does aspirin work

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation by altering the balance between throboxane A2 and prostacyclin

Its irreversible for the life of the platelet

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7
Q

How does clopidogrel work

A

Inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation

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8
Q

How does Dipyridamole work

A

Inhibits Platelet phosphodiesterase

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9
Q

How does ticagrelor work

A

P2Y12 receptor antagonist that prevents ADP-mediated P2Y12 dependent platelet activation and aggregation

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10
Q

How are anti plateletes normally used

A

Used in combination to increase the effect

Used to significantly reduce chance of heart attack or stroke

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11
Q

What antiplatelets are prescribed in conjunction with aspirin

A

Prasugrel, Ticagrelor

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12
Q

Name some oral anticoagulants

A

Warfarin

Rivaroxiban

Apixaban

Dabigatran

Edoxaban

Heparin

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13
Q

What is warafin and what is its effect

A

Coumarin based anitcoagulant

Inhibits synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors:

2, 7, 9,10 (slow – 2 days)

Protein C, Protein S (quick)

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14
Q

What is often used concurrently with aspirin at the initial start

A

Heparin

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15
Q

What must you assume with warafin

A

All drugs interact with it

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16
Q

What are statins and how do they work

A

Lipid lowering drugs

They are HMG coA Reductase inhibitors that inhibit cholesterol synthesis in liver

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17
Q

What are statins used for

A

reduce the level of cholesterol in your blood and protect the insides of your arteries therfore reducing the risk of angina, heart attack and stroke

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18
Q

List some statin drugs

A

atorvastatin (Lipitor)

fluvastatin (Lescol)

lovastatin (Mevacor)

pravastatin (Pravachol)

rosuvastatin (Crestor)

simvastatin (Zocor)

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19
Q

What possible side effects of statins are there

A

Possible myositis with other drug interactions includind some dental anti fungals

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20
Q

What antifungal Tx should you omit statins for

A

Fluconazole

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21
Q

What are beta blockers and how do they work

A

A drug that block the release of the stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline preventing increase in heart rate and reduces the force at which blood is pumped around the body as well as heart muscle excitability

Beta blockers can also block your kidneys from producing a hormone called angiotensin II lowering blood pressure

22
Q

Why would Beta blockers be prescribed

A

treatment of angina, control blood pressure, prevent future heart attacks and Prevent unusual heart rhythms which can lead to heart attacks

23
Q

Name some beta blockers

A

atenolol

bisoprolol

carvedilol

esmolol

metoprolol

nebivolol

propranolol

24
Q

What is the difference between atenolol and propanolol

A

Atenolol is selective, effects B1 receptor only

Propanolol is not selective and affects B1&2 receptor

25
Q

When would you not prescribe Beta blockers

A

Makes heart failure worst

Makes asthma worst

26
Q

What are diuretics

A

Antihypertensive drug that Increases salt and water
loss as well as:

-Reducing plasma volume
-Reducing cardiac workload

27
Q

What are diruetics used to treat

A

High blood pressure and heart failure

28
Q

What are the two types of diruetics

A

Thiazide and loop

29
Q

What are side effects of diruetics

A

Can lead to Na/K imbalance and lead to dry mouthNam

30
Q

Name some loop and thiazide diruetics

A

Loop:
-torsemide
-furosemide
-bumetanide

Thiazide:
-chlorthalidone
-hydrochlorothiazide
-metolazone
-indapamide

31
Q

What are nitrate drugs

A

Drugs used to treat angina that dilates arteries and veins to reduce preload to the heart, reduce cardiac workload and cardiac O2 consumption

32
Q

What two types of nitrates are there and name one of each

A

Short acting- Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)

Long acting- Isosorbide Mononitrate

33
Q

What way are nitrates adminstered and why

A

Sublingual, Transdermal, Intravenous

Because they are inactivated by first pass metabolism

34
Q

What are Ca channel blockers

A

Drug used to used to lower blood pressure as they stop calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries

Also used to treat migraines

35
Q

List Ca channel blockers

A

Amlodipine

Diltiazem

Felodipine

Isradipine

Nicardipine

Nifedipine

Nisoldipine

Verapamil

36
Q

What are ACE inhibitors

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are drugs that inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and prevent aldosterone dependent reabsorption of salt and waterh

Resulting in relaxing of veins and arteries

37
Q

what are ACE inhibitors used for

A

treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure

38
Q

Name some ACE inhibitors

A

Enalapril

Ramapril

Lisinopril

(All are pril ending)

39
Q

What is losartan (as well as other drugs ending in artan)

A

A angiotensin II blocker and used to treat high blood pressure

40
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Dry cough

Headache and dizziness

Too much K in blood

41
Q

What drugs to ACE inhibitors interact with

A

Potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics

angiotensin receptor blocker

angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor

direct renin inhibitor

42
Q

What drugs do Ca channel blockers interact with

A

cardiovascular agents such as alpha-adrenergic blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, digoxin, quinidine, and disopyramide

43
Q

What drugs do nitrates interact with

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (end in fil)

44
Q

What drugs do diuretics interact with

A

cyclosporine (Restasis)

antidepressants such as fluoxetine, venlafaxine

lithium

digoxin

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ace inhibitors

A

They prevent an enzyme in the body from making angiotensin 2, a substance that narrows blood vessels, this narrowing can cause high blood pressure and forces the heart to work harder

Angiotensin 2 also releases hormones that raise blood pressure

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action for diuretics

A

They act by diminishing sodium reabsorption at different sites in the nephron, thereby increasing urinary sodium and water losses

47
Q

What is the mechanism of action for nitrates

A

They have a direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles anddilation of the coronary vessels improves oxygen supply to the myocardium

The dilation of peripheral veins, and in higher doses peripheral arteries, reduces preload and afterload, and thereby lowers myocardial oxygen consumption

48
Q

What is the mechanism of action for statins

A

They are a selective non-competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme responsible for converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate in the cholesterol synthesis pathway

49
Q

How do the B1&2 receptors work and what is the mechanism of action for beta blockers

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline bind to B1 receptors and increase cardiac automaticity, conduction velocity and induce renin release leading to an increase in blood pressure. Binding to B2 receptors causes relaxation of the smooth muscles along with increased metabolic effects such as glycogenolysis

Beta blockers block the release of the stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline in certain parts of the body resulting in reduced heart rate and blood pressure

50
Q

What conditions would put a pt on anticoagualtion for the rest of his life

A

Atrial fibrillation

DVT

Heart valve disease

Meachanical valves

Thrombophilia

51
Q

What drugs interact with warafin

A

Aspirin, Azole antifungal drugs

Increase the INR
-Amiodarone
-Antibiotics
-Alcohol (With liver disease)
-NSAIDS

Reduce INR
-Carbamazepine
-Cholestyramine
-Alcohol (without liver diease)

BDS4 Drugs and BAMS Revision (7 decks)

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