CVS review Sessions 6+

Question 1

What do all ace inhibitors end in

Answer 1

Pril

Question 2

Angiotensin receptor blockers are indicated only with

Answer 2

Failed treatment of ACE inhibitor

Question 3

What is amiodarone

Answer 3

Potassium channel blocker

Question 4

3 indicators for beta blockers

Answer 4

Heart failure
Supraventricular tachycardia
Post MI

Question 5

Examples of calcium channel blockers

Answer 5

Verapamil and diltiazem

Question 6

What are the effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 6

Reduce aldosterone and ADH release

Question 7

Common anti arrhythmic drugs

Answer 7

Calcium channel blockers and sodium channel blockers

Question 8

How do nitrates work

Answer 8

Cause vasodilation and lowers preload

Question 9

Treatment for wolf Parkinson white syndrome

Answer 9

Potassium channel blocker, increases absolute refractory period

Question 10

Examples of beta blockers

Answer 10

Atenolol and bisoprolol

Question 11

What does lidocaine do

Answer 11

Block sodium channels after they have depolarised once to prevent early depolarisation

Question 12

Which drug should be given to someone who is tachycardic

Answer 12

Digoxin - cardiac glycoside

Question 13

Which muscles have highest capillary density

Answer 13

Postural muscles e.g. erector spinae

Question 14

Which set of leads look at the left anterior descending artery

Answer 14

Septal leads V1 and V2

Question 15

which leads look at the lateral aspect of the heart

Answer 15

1, aVL, V5 and V6

Question 16

Which leads look at the right coronary artery

Answer 16

Anterior V3 and V4

Inferior II, III and aVF

Question 17

which leads look at the anterior portion of the heart

Answer 17

V3 and V4

Question 18

Which leads look at the circumflex

Answer 18

I, aVL, V5 andV6

Lateral leads

Question 19

first sign of hypokalaemia on ECG

Answer 19

Low t wave, then high u wave,then st depression

Question 20

What is torsades de pointes

Answer 20

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, state of v fib but QRS all look v different. Long QT interval

Question 21

How does atrial flutter present and what is it

Answer 21

Saw tooth baseline, re-entry loop in atria

Question 22

Why does skin go darker with thrombophlebitis as a complication of varicose veins

Answer 22

Macrophages oxidise iron from red blood cells that have leaked from the blood vessels. This oxidation causes the iron to rust under the skin which stains it

Question 23

All pulses absent in lower limb

Answer 23

Common iliac artery

Question 24

Only femoral pulse present in lower limb

Answer 24

Superficial femoral artery

Question 25

What can precipitate an angina attac

Answer 25

Exercise, eating, stress, cold, emotions

Question 26

What persists after recovery following STEMI

Answer 26

Pathological Q wave

Question 27

Which chamber can compress oesophagus when dilated

Answer 27

Left atrium

Question 28

On which side of the heart are murmurs heard more loudly on inspiration

Answer 28

Right side Decreased pressure in chest which increases cardiac return to right atrium

Question 29

What are you listening to in murmurs

Answer 29

Turbulent blood flow

Question 30

Which valve is best heard on left side, in 4th intercostal space on lower left sternal border

Answer 30

Tricuspid valve

Question 31

An Ejection fracture over what is considered normal

Answer 31

50%

Question 32

Duration of 1 small square

Answer 32

40ms

Question 33

Activation of which neurotransmitter receptor type on SA node cells is primarily responsible for speeding up the rate of action potential firing

Answer 33

Beta 1 adrenoreceptor | Alpha 1 and M2 slow down AP firing

Question 34

What ion channels are primarily responsible for the slow pace maker potential in cells of the sinoatrial node

Answer 34

HCN channels If funny current

Question 35

What ion channels are responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in cells of the Sino atrial node

Answer 35

L type calcium channels

Question 36

What ion channels are responsible for the upstroke of the ventricular action potential

Answer 36

Voltage gated sodium channels

Question 37

Name the Venous drainage channel in the heart which receives blood from the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium

Answer 37

Coronary sinus