CVS System

Question 1

What are the 6 aspects of the CVS system

Answer 1

Blood
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Lymphatics

Question 2

Where is the low pressure of the circulatory system

Answer 2

In the lungs pulmonary

Question 3

What is the higher pressure in the circulatory system

Answer 3

Systemic

Question 4

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall

Answer 4

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 5

What is the endocardium layer

Answer 5

Endothelial inner layer

Question 6

What is the myocardium layer

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle is the bulk of the heart

Question 7

What is the epicardium layer

Answer 7

Visceral pericardium

Question 8

From the outside in list the 4 layers of the heart wall

Answer 8

Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 9

Where is the pericardial cavity

Answer 9

Between the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium

Question 10

Why is the left ventricle the thickest

Answer 10

In order to supply systemic circulation as the thickness of the myocardium varies according to function

Question 11

What are the 3 functions of the pericardium

Answer 11

Protects and anchors the heart
Prevents overfilling
Provides a friction free environment

Question 12

Which major vessels bring blood to the heart

Answer 12

Superior and inferior vena cava
Right and left pulmonary veins

Question 13

Which major vessels takes blood away from the heart

Answer 13

Pulmonary trunk then right and left pulmonary arteries
Ascending aorta

Question 14

What are the 3 main layers of blood vessels (in order from inside to out)

Answer 14

Intima (tunica)
Media
Adventitia

Question 15

List 5 adaptations of the arteries

Answer 15

Thick wall
Elastic
Muscular
Large diameter
Low resistance

Question 16

List an adaptation of the arterioles

Answer 16

Smaller diameter

Question 17

What is the function of arterioles

Answer 17

Major role in blood pressure regulation

Question 18

What are capillaries made from

Answer 18

Single tube of endothelial cells

Question 19

What is the role of pericytes

Answer 19

Important in blood vessel formation and maturation may have immune roles

Question 20

What are the 3 types of capillaries

Answer 20

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal (discontinuous)

Question 21

Which is the most common capillary type

Answer 21

Continuous

Question 22

What are fenestrated capillaries

Answer 22

Leaky pores
Found in the kidney, intestine, pancreas, endocrine glands
Easier exchange

Question 23

What are sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 23

Liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, larger openings for blood cells, microorganism

Question 24

What are the ‘cuffs’ of smooth muscles called

Answer 24

Sphincters

Question 25

What do the sphincters do

Answer 25

They are at the end of smooth muscles that contract or relax helping to direct blood to where it is needed or away from where it is not needed

Question 26

Where does the control of blood flow originate from

Answer 26

Where capillaries originated from arterioles

Question 27

What do venules and veins do

Answer 27

Return blood to the heart

Question 28

What is the pressure in venules and veins

Answer 28

<15 mm Hg

Question 29

What do venules and veins consist of

Answer 29

Large lumen Some smooth muscle

Question 30

What are venules

Answer 30

The smallest veins which receive blood from capillaries

Question 31

What are 5 adaptations of veins

Answer 31

Capacitance vessels (60% of blood) Unidirectional valves Deep Superficial Connecting/perforating

Question 32

How much of the circulating blood volume is below the heart

Answer 32

70%

Question 33

How do skeletal muscles help the CVS

Answer 33

Through movement which compresses intramuscular veins to prevent pooling

Question 34

During inspiration what has the higher pressure and what has the lower pressure

Answer 34

A lower thoracic pressure A higher abdominal pressure

Question 35

What does the lymphatic system do

Answer 35

Return interstitial fluid to circulation at subclavian veins To prevent oedema and maintain blood volume/pressure

Question 36

How does the lymphatic system move

Answer 36

By muscular contraction