Cxc

Question 1

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

Answer 1

The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle.

Question 2

What are the three main types of plate boundaries?

Answer 2

Convergent (collide), Divergent (move apart), Transform (slide past).

Question 3

Why is the Caribbean region geologically active?

Answer 3

It lies on the Caribbean Plate near subduction and transform boundaries.

Question 4

What features are formed by plate movements?

Answer 4

Earthquakes, volcanoes, fold mountains.

Question 5

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive volcanic features?

Answer 5

Intrusive form underground (e.g. batholiths)

Question 6

What is physical weathering?

Answer 6

Mechanical breakdown of rocks without changing composition (e.g. freeze-thaw).

Question 7

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 7

Breakdown of rocks by chemical change (e.g. carbonation).

Question 8

What is biological weathering?

Answer 8

Breakdown of rocks by living organisms (e.g. plant roots).

Question 9

What is mass wasting?

Answer 9

Downhill movement of soil or rock due to gravity.

Question 10

What are the stages of the water cycle?

Answer 10

Evaporation → Condensation → Precipitation → Runoff/Infiltration → Ocean.

Question 11

What are the four river erosion processes?

Answer 11

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution.

Question 12

How do rivers transport material?

Answer 12

Traction, saltation, suspension, solution.

Question 13

Name two depositional landforms.

Answer 13

Deltas, floodplains.

Question 14

Name two erosional landforms.

Answer 14

Waterfalls, V-shaped valleys.

Question 15

What are some limestone landforms?

Answer 15

Caves, sinkholes, stalactites, grikes, clints.

Question 16

Why is limestone easily weathered?

Answer 16

It is soluble in slightly acidic rainwater.

Question 17

What’s the difference between constructive and destructive waves?

Answer 17

Constructive build beaches

Question 18

Name three coastal landforms.

Answer 18

Cliffs, arches, spits.

Question 19

What is longshore drift?

Answer 19

The movement of sediment along a coast by waves.

Question 20

What are the types of coral reefs?

Answer 20

Fringing, barrier, atoll.

Question 21

What conditions are needed for coral reef growth?

Answer 21

Warm, shallow, clear water with low sediment and high sunlight.

Question 22

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answer 22

Weather is short-term

Question 23

Name three major Caribbean weather systems.

Answer 23

Tropical waves, hurricanes, droughts.

Question 24

What natural vegetation types are found in the Caribbean?

Answer 24

Rainforest (wet), savanna (dry).

Question 25

What factors affect soil formation?

Answer 25

Climate, vegetation, parent rock, time.

Question 26

What factors influence population distribution?

Answer 26

Relief, climate, jobs, services, transport.

Question 27

What is a population pyramid?

Answer 27

A diagram showing age and sex structure of a population.

Question 28

What are push and pull factors in migration?

Answer 28

Push = poverty, disaster

Question 29

What are the main types of settlements?

Answer 29

Rural (villages), Urban (towns/cities).

Question 30

What are the main settlement patterns?

Answer 30

Linear, nucleated, dispersed.

Question 31

What are effects of urbanization?

Answer 31

Housing shortages, traffic, pollution, unemployment.

Question 32

What are the three main economic sectors?

Answer 32

Primary (farming), Secondary (manufacturing), Tertiary (services).

Question 33

What factors influence the location of industry?

Answer 33

Raw materials, transport, labor, markets, energy.

Question 34

What are three benefits of tourism?

Answer 34

Jobs, foreign exchange, infrastructure.

Question 35

What are three problems caused by tourism?

Answer 35

Pollution, cultural erosion, dependency.

Question 36

What is sustainable development?

Answer 36

Development that meets present needs without harming future generations.

Question 37

Name three examples of sustainable development.

Answer 37

Eco-tourism, renewable energy, reforestation.

Question 38

What are causes of environmental degradation?

Answer 38

Deforestation, overfishing, pollution, quarrying.

Question 39

What are the effects of environmental degradation?

Answer 39

Soil erosion, water pollution, loss of biodiversity.

Question 40

Name three natural hazards in the Caribbean.

Answer 40

Hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions.

Question 41

What are effects of hurricanes?

Answer 41

Flooding, home destruction, loss of life.

Question 42

How can we prepare for natural disasters?

Answer 42

Early warnings, education, disaster plans, safe buildings.