What career fields were integrated to be cyber transport?
Network infrastructure, voice network systems, visual imagery and intrusion detection systems, network integration
What is my role in cyber transport?
Sustain and maintain the network infrastructure, cryptographic eq, and deployable systems supporting Air Force C4ISR systems.
When were AFSC’s established?
1952
First digit of AFSC?
Career group (Support)
Second digit of AFSC?
Career field (cyberspace support)
Third digit of AFSC?
Career field subdivision (cyberspace systems)
Fourth digit of AFSC?
Skill level (1 level now, will be 3 level after school)
Fifth digit if AFSC?
Specific AFSC (cyber transport)
3d1X identifies you as what?
Cyberspace Systems Technician
What does a suffix do for an AFSC?
Identifies the particular equipment you are trained to work on
What does a prefix do for an AFSC?
Special duty, volunteered or selected
As a 5 level, you will have what responsibilities?
Be assigned jobs positions, maybe team leader or shift supervisor, trainer for new apprentices.
As a 7level, what will be your reaponsibilities?
Fill various supervisory and mgmt spots, such a shift leader, team chief, supervisor or task certifier.
As a 9 level, what are your responsibilities?
Receive 3d190 AFSC and manage systems operation and maintenance, direct installs, repairs, deploying and modifying all cyberspace systems including other 3d fields.
What does C4ISR stand for?
Command and control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance
What do Communication Systems do?
Convey information
What does Command And Control do?
Plan, direct, and control ops pursuant to the mission.
What does TACS stand for and do?
Theater Air Control System. Conduct theater air ops including joint US and combined operations with allied forces.
What is the AOC?
Air Operations Center, used to plan, execute and assign theater-wide air and space ops.
What 2 systems make up GTACS?
Modular control equipment (MCE) and the Joint Tactical Info Distribution System (JTIDS)
What is the MCE?
Modular Control Equipment, transportable self-contained c3 facility used to plan, direct and control tactical air ops.
What is JTIDS?
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System. Passes a/c track info and other messages from C2 airborne-to-ground fighter units.
What is the most common use of JTIDS?
A radar link between AWACS and MCE
What kind of multiplexing does JTIDS use?
Time division multiple access (TDMA)
What is the Mission Planning System?
Automated mission planning for ac and guided munitions and data prep. Also brief/debrief for pilots.
What 4 things fall under Command and Control?
Includes TACS, AOC, GTACS, and MPS
What is the GIG?
Global Information Grid. The globally interconnected, end to end set of information capabilities for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing info on demand to war fighters, policy makers and support personnel.
What does the GIG support?
All DoD functions.
What is DISN?
Defense Information Systems Network. The DoD’s world wide enterprise level telecom infrastructure providing end-to-end info transfer.
What 4 networks make up DISN?
DSN, DRSN, NIPRNET, SIPRNET
What is DSN?
Non-secure phone for end-to-end command use, dedicated phone svc, voice data, and dial-up VTC. Non-secure, first choice for phone and VTC.
What is DRSN?
Secure voice service up to SCI
NIPRNET is unclassified IP network for what 4 groups?
DoD, Joint Chiefs, Military departments (MILDEPS) and Combatant Commmands (COCOM)
What is the range of data rates for NIPRNET?
56K to 1 GB
What is the range of data rates for SIPRNET?
Direct connection: 56K to 155 Mbps, remote: 115.2 kbps
What are Theater Deployable Communications?
Ground to ground comm infrastructure designed to xmit and receive voice, data, video securely
What hardware does TDC use?
Integrated Communications Access Packages (ICAP)
What service does TDC ICAP provide?
Interopability between air elements and CONUS-based operations
How many basic ICAP modules are there?
20
What does the GCS contain?
Pilot and payload operator consoles, 3 Boeing Consoles, 2 synthetic aperture radar workstations
What are the two ISR aircraft?
Predator/Predator B, Global Hawk
How far/long/fast can a Predator fly?
400 NM, 40 hrs, 70-84 kts
What does a Predator system consist of?
4 aircraft, TROJAN Spirit II, GCS
How many people to run a Predator system?
55
How far can a Global Hawk fly?
12,000 miles
How long can a Global Hawk fly?
35 hrs
How fast can a Global Hawk fly?
340 kts
How high can a Global Hawk fly?
65,000 ft
What is DCGS?
Distributed Common Ground System provides access to many users to time sensitive intel in an integrated picture
What platforms can the DCGS pull from?
Satellites, U2, RPAs, F16 TARS
What is the GBS?
Global Broadcast Services
What does the GBS do?
One-way (assymetric) information flow from the US or rear echelons to other locations for intel, weather, etc
What is an advantage of GBS?
High volume data rate into a small (1 meter ) antenna, no need for a stationary antenna, many levels of users (pay per view model)
What is the role of a 3D1X2 for GBS?
Assemble antenna and 2 servers for NIPR and SIPR, configure system for local infrastructure, make sure right data to right user
What percentage of accidents are human error?
95%
What are errors that cause accidents?
Using equipment without training, not following instructions, not using safety guards, getting in a hurry, bad housekeeping, horsing around, not warning others, fatigue
What is considered high voltage?
600V or more
What kills, voltage or amperage?
Amperage
Will circuit breakers protect you?
No, they’re for equipment protection
What are 8 rules for working with electricity?
Turn off power, No experimenting, no jewelry, stay dry, be aware, never work alone, use one hand, take nothing for ground
What is RF?
invisible energy transmitted through space as EM waves or subatomic particles
Will you feel RF exposure immediately?
No, not usually. Severe exposure causes burns, shocks
What is the AFOSH standard for SABC?
AFOSHSTD 91-50
What is an OTDR?
Optical time domain reflectometer
What does an OTDR do?
Analyzes light loss in fiber; faults, splices, bends.
How far can an OTDR measure?
150 miles or more
Is an OTDR good for testing installed systems?
Yes
What does TDR stand for?
Time Domain Reflectometer
What kind of cable is a TDR especially good for?
Coaxial
What topology is a TDR very useful for?
Bus topology
What does a TDR detect?
Impedance changes in a reflected signal
How does a TDR tell how far an anomaly is on a line?
Time
A TDR should be used after determining what?
After finding the cable to be the likely problem
What should be done to the equipment before using a TDR?
Isolate and visually check cable, turn off bridges and repeaters
What part of the cable should you use a TDR on?
The end of a segment with proper adapters and termination.
What length of pulse should you use with a TDR?
Shortest
What will show an open on a TDR??
Positive Pulse
What will show a short on a TDR?
Negative Pulse
What will a connection or tap show on the TDR?
Slight disruptions to the baseline
What is a Protocol Analyzer?
Tool to monitor network traffic load, type, network layout
T/F: protocol analyzer is good for establishing network baseline?
TRUE
What can a protocol analyzer tell you about the network?
Cabling, software, file servers, work stations, NW interface cards
What problems can a protocol analyzer detect?
Faulty NW components, Config/connect errors, LAN bottlenecks, traffic changes, protocol problems, conflicting applications, unusual server traffic
What does SIPTO stand for?
Standard Installation Practices Technical Orders
Why do we have SIPTO?
So equipment is installed using the same set of standards
What 2 safeties are emphasized in SIPTO?
Personnel and equipment safety
3 functions of grounding:
personnel safety, equipment protection, noise reduction
How is electrical noise reduced?
Limiting the difference in potential between equipment
What TO covers electrical noise control?
TO 31-10-24
What is the overall grounding system?
Facility Ground System
What does the Facility Ground system do?
Provide a low impedance path between earth and the grounded facility
What are the 4 grounding subsystems?
Earth electrode, Lighting protection, Equipment fault, Signal reference
What subsystem provides connection between earth and other subsystems?
Earth electrode
What does the Earth electrode use for conductors?
Buried ground rodes, metal straps, tubes, wires, plates, sheets, pipes, well casings
What makes a lighting protection subsystem?
Air terminals and down conductors providing a low-impedance path for to the earth electrode subsystem
What is a “safe” path for lighting?
Bypasses personnel and equipment
What does the Equipment Fault Protective subsystem do?
Protect personnel and equipment from circuit faults
What is another name for the Equpment Fault Protective Subsystem?
Safety Ground
What are 3 grounding conductors of the Equipment fault subsystem?
fuses, circuit breakers, GFI
What provides a voltage reference for signal circuits and electrical noise control?
Signal Reference Subsystem
What is bonding?
Low impedance path between two metal surfaces
What resistance should not be exceeded in earth electrode subsystem?
1 milliohm
T/F: soft solder can be used in lightning protection subsystem bonding?
FALSE
T/F: welds or brazing can be used in bonding?
TRUE
What bonds are normally used in the Fault Protection subsystem?
Exothermic welds, but can use straps/claps if cannot be made
What is the max resistance in the Fault Protection subsystem?
12 milliohms
Can crimps or soft solder be used in the signal reference subsystem?
Yes
What is shielding?
Conductive enclosures or sheaths to reduce EMI
Should shielding be grounded?
Yes
What are shields often made of?
braid, foil, metal wrap, or conduit
Why is ESD a bigger problem now than in years past?
Electronics are smaller and more sensitive to ESD than before
What does ESD do to a semiconductor device?
Change its electrical characteristics by degrading or destroying it
Can a charged surface collect and hold contaminants?
Yes
How is an electrostatic charge most often generated?
Contact and then separation of two materials (sliding a magazine from a bag)
T/F: many electronics are susceptible to less than 100V of ESD?
TRUE
Labeling of cables is part of _________ documentation
Site
Why do we lable cables?
To ease troubleshooting
How will each cable be marked?
Within 12 inches, a TO label with bay, shelf, terminal, or plug/jack. Within 2 inches of the first, a FROM label with the same info
What are some examples of permanent cable marking?
Heat transfer or adhesive labels
What is the holdover term from phones for wire marking?
Tip and ring
What does Tip and Ring identify in modern wiring?
Polarity of the wires
What is a landline?
Telephone line which travels through a solid medium (wire or fiber)
What physical things determine the landline bandwidth?
material type, diameter, conductor layout
What are advantages of landlines?
Better sound quality, costs less, more secure
How many landlines are there in the world?
1.3 billion
What is a dedicated line?
Line used for a specific purpose, available 24 hours a day
That is the scientific study of light called?
Optics
What is the definition of light?
EM radiation in the wavelength range between infrared and xrays (IR, visible, UV, Xray)
Is light a form of radiant energy?
Yes
How fast does light travel through air?
186,000 miles/sec
How fast does light travel through water?
140,000 miles/sec
How fast does light travel through glass?
124,000 miles/sec
What 2 factors in a material affect light speed?
Density and transparency
Is blue light faster or slower than red in fiber?
Slower
What are 3 ways of describing light?
Waves, photons, rays/beams
Why is light measured in wavelength?
Because the speed of light can change, but the wavelength stays the same
Are frequency and wavelength directly or inversely proportional?
Inversely
If a light wave changes speed, does it have an effect on frequency or wavelength?
Frequency
What is a particle of light called?
Photon
The amount of energy in a photon depends on what?
Its frequency
T/F: energy of a photon increases along with frequency
TRUE
Does blue or red light have more energy?
Blue
Rays are the simplest way to _______ light
View
Simple geometry can be used to analyze light when described as a _________
Ray/beam
Light is EM energy with a _______ frequency and ________ wavelength than radio waves
higher, shorter
What units is wavelength measured in?
Nanometers (nm)
Fiber optics use what kind of light?
Infrared (IR)
Visible light is also known as _______
White light
Why does light break into colors in a prism?
Since each color changes to a different speed, some change direction more than others (blue changes direction more than red)
What are two ways to change light direction?
Refraction and reflection
What is refraction?
Bending of light as it passes from one material to another that have different densities
Refraction will not occur unless the light enters the different material at an _________
Angle
What is reflection?
Bouncing back of light off an object
What are the 7 advantages of fiber optics?
Bandwidth, low attenuation, EM immunity, small size, low weight, high security, very safe
Television and teleconferencing require _____ to ______ times the bandwidth of voice
14, 100
Attenuation indicates what?
How far the signal can travel before degrading too much
In copper, attenuation increases with _______
Frequency
In optical fiber, attenuation is ________
Flat, loss is the same for the frequency range being sent
Do higher or lower frequencies allow more information to be sent?
Higher
What device is used to help reduce attenuation?
Repeaters
EMI isn’t a problem with fiber because it is made of ________
Dielectric material (glass, plastic)
T/F: it is almost impossible to tap a fiber optic line undetected?
TRUE
Is fiber considered highly secure?
Yes
Why is fiber safe for flammable environments?
No sparks
What are the 3 advantages for safety using fiber?
No sparks, won’t attract lightning, won’t shock people
