Cybersecurity

Question 1

1960

Answer 1

First user accounts and associated passwords

Computers were the size of a room

Question 2

1970

Answer 2

ARPANET was born; Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Distant Computers could now be connected with one another

Hackers became a thing now

Question 3

1980

Answer 3

Internet arrives this decade

Question 4

1990

Answer 4

People became more exposed to viruses and malware

Hackers were everywhere

Question 5

2000

Answer 5

Money moved to digital and so did big businesses

Question 6

2010

Answer 6

Very first state backed attacks

Introduction of the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)

Question 7

IT vs OT?

Answer 7

Information technology

Operation technology

Question 8

Priorities of Information Technology in order HIGHEST to LOWEST?

Availability, Integrity, Confidentiality

Answer 8

1. Confidentiality
2. Integrity
3. Availability

Question 9

What are 3 priorities of Operational technology in order HIGHEST to LOWEST?

Availability, Integrity, Confidentiality

Answer 9

1. Availability
2. Integrity
3. Confidentiality

Question 10

Give an example of an Information technology and operational technology?

Answer 10

IT: Smart phones

OT: Temperature sensor

Question 11

3 characteristics of an Inter-Integratic Circuit? (I^2CC)

Answer 11

1. Can connect up to 127 peripherals
2. Flexibility is inbuilt
3. Single master with a multi-slave system

Question 12

There are two types of devices for AFDX architecture. What are they?, see page 11 for the diagram of how a switch leads to an end system

Answer 12

Switch: Forwards Frames to End-systems + Traffic policing and filtering

End System: Network applications send/receive data to/from the network

Question 13

What is Jitter?

Answer 13

Variation in time from a source sending to a receiving node

Question 14

Study page 19 the risk assessment diagram. Redraw the diagram to memorise the layout

Answer 14

Done?

Question 15

What is the IIOT?

Answer 15

Industrial Internet of Things

Question 16

What is NIS2?

Answer 16

A directive that protects the EU from cybersecurity threat, as the IIOT is considered to be becoming more important and valuable i.e. bridging the gap between the physical and digital realms

Question 17

What does Article 21 of NIS2 refer to?

Answer 17

Addresses cyber threats e.g. supply chain security

Question 18

What is meant by an iterative process?

Answer 18

A process that never ends like:

Evaluate and assess, maintain and implement

Question 19

What is meant by secure by design

Answer 19

Designing the architecture, communication, access and compliance to be secure

Question 20

What is defense in depth?

Answer 20

Segmentation, DMZ

Question 21

What is meant by requirements?

Answer 21

Things for example Identify and authenticate and system integrity

Question 22

What is Maturity?

Answer 22

Initial, Managed, Defined, Improving

Question 23

What are systems in aircraft with ground links?

Answer 23

ACARS (Aircraft Communication And Reporting System)
HF / VHF
GPS / ILS

Question 24

What are the 3 parts of EASA part IS?

1. Objective?
2. Scope?
3. Activity?

Answer 24

1. To protect the safety of aviation systems
2. Information technology systems
3. Identify and Manage Risks

Question 25

Examples of things EASA Part IS concerns itself with?

Answer 25

Airworthiness, Air Crew, aerodromes, airspace, air operations etc.

Question 26

For EASA part IS, what are the priorities in order? confidentiality, Availability, Integrity

Answer 26

1. Confidentiality 2. Integrity 3. Availability