Cylinders

Question 1

K Factor - O2 HK

Answer 1

3.14

Question 2

K Factor - O2 E

Answer 2

0.28

Question 3

Liquid to Gas - O2

Answer 3

1L liquid o2 = 860 L gas o2

Question 4

Liquid to Weight - O2

Answer 4

1L liquid o2 = 1.136kg or 2.5lbs

Question 5

Liquid to Gas - N2O

Answer 5

1L liquid n2o = 669L gas n2o

Question 6

K Factor - heliox HK

Answer 6

2.5

Question 7

3AA

Answer 7

steel alloy, heat treated, tested every 10 years

Question 8

3A

Answer 8

carbon steel, non heat treated, tested every 10 years

Question 9

3AL

Answer 9

aluminum alloy, tested every 5 years

Question 10

CR-MO

Answer 10

chrome molybdenum cylinder

Question 11

two types of cylinder valves

Answer 11

1. direct acting (over 1500psi)
2. diaphragm (under 1500psi; better with leaks)

Question 12

cylinder safety features

Answer 12

1. colour code
2. labeling
3. safety relief valve
4. indexed inlet/outlet

Question 13

types of labels for cylinders

Answer 13

1. barcode (similar to cylinder markings)
2. TAG (type, DIN, distributor, precautions, purity, status)
3. WHMIS label (green=gas, red=flammable, yellow=oxidizing)
4. Hazards (type, warnings, high pressure, precautions)

Question 14

safety relief valves

Answer 14

1. frangible disc (H/K); copper bursts at 150% pressure test
2. fusible plug (E/D); metal alloy melts at given temp (150% pressure test)

Question 15

check for … during cylinder tests

Answer 15

1. leaks (bubbles on: weld spots, valve stem assembly, or areas of corrosion)
2. internal/external corrosion
3. bulging
4. evidence of rough usage
5. pitting
6. exposure to fire

Question 16

disposal/destruction process

Answer 16

1. discharge contents slowly
2. cut up steel
3. torch off marking

** perforate noxious gases from long distance or bury**

Question 17

duration equation

Answer 17

Duration = K (P - 500) / flow

Question 18

define critical pressure

Answer 18

the pressure required to convert a gas to a liquid at its critical temperature

Question 19

define critical temperature

Answer 19

the temperature above which a gaseous molecule cannot be converted back to a liquid, regardless of the pressure

Question 20

oxygen information

Answer 20

colour: white or green (usa)
features: odourless, colourless, tasteless
supports combustion
critical temp = -118 celcius
purity = 99%

indications: hypoxia, hypoxemia

Question 21

medical air information

Answer 21

colour: black and white
features: odourless, colourless, tasteless
supports combustion
purity = 99%

indications: deliver meds, provide humidification, provide second gas source to ventilators

Question 22

helium information

Answer 22

colour: brown
features: non-flammable, inert gas, least dense
critical temp = -267 Celcius
purity = 95%

indications: PFT, mix with o2

Question 23

heliox information

Answer 23

colour: brown and white
either 80:20 (x1.8 for flow) or 70:30 (x1.6 for flow)

indications: upper airway obstructions

Question 24

carbon dioxide information

Answer 24

colour: grey
features: non-flammable, colourless, slight odour & taste
critical temp = 31 celcius
purity = 99%

indications: specimen preservation (MLS) and cardiopulmonary bypass machine (CVP)

Question 25

carbogen information

Answer 25

carbon dioxide + oxygen = carbogen either 98/2, 97/3, or 95/5 indications: may eliminate hiccups or encourage tachypnea

Question 26

nitrous oxide

Answer 26

colour: blue features: colourless, odourless, tasteless supports combustion critical temp = 36.5 celcius purity = 99% indications: CNS depressant

Question 27

nitronox/entonox

Answer 27

nitrous oxide + oxygen = nitronox indications: pain relief

Question 28

nitric oxide

Answer 28

colour: teal features: colourless, metallic odour, nonflammable supports combustion purity = min 99% indications: pulmonary vasodilator; treats infants with hypoxic respiratory failure (INOMAX DSIR PLUS) forms brown fumes in presence of oxygen; forms nitrous oxide and nitric acids in presence of moisture which are corrosive

Question 29

carbon monoxide

Answer 29

colour: red either 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.3% indications: combination with other gases for PFT

Question 30

methods to prepare oxygen

Answer 30

1. fractional distillation of liquid air - cool/compress/warm until 99% pure o2 2. physical separation of oxygen (concentrators) - molecular sieve - semi permeable membrane (only 40% oxygen)

Question 31

bulk liquid system pressures

Answer 31

head pressure > 150psi = gas leaves to vaporizer head pressure < 150psi = liquid leaves to vaporizer head pressure < 125psi = pressure building circuit converts liquid to gas through second vaporizer bulk pressure relief vent at 1.5x pressure

Question 32

bulk liquid system alarms

Answer 32

1. indicate when liquid 1/3 volume 2. high/low line pressure (40 and 60 psi) 3. switch to reserve system

Question 33

portable liquid system pressures

Answer 33

vents when pressure > 20psi; safety relief opens when pressure > 30psi when pressure < 20psi liquid is vaporized to fill gas head pressure flow 5-15 LPM

Question 34

compressors

Answer 34

rotary vane, piston, diaphragm must have: cooling coil, means to dry gas, filter - vacuum compressor only needs condensation trap hospital: min 26 LPM at 50psi portable: min 8 LPM at 20psi

Question 35

concentrators

Answer 35

1. molecular sieve - 87-95% o2 purity up to 10 LPM; must be over 90% to be put in service in Ontario - alarms: accumulator pressure decrease; power failure; fio2 decrease at output 2. semi-permeable membrane - can only produce fio2 = 0.4