Cytokines, Chemokines, Receptors

Question 1

What type of molecule is a cytokine?

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

Cytokines that attract cells are called ________.

Answer 2

Chemokines

Question 3

T/F: Cytokine secretion is brief and self-limited.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: One cytokine can have many effects.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: Cytokines work independently and don’t influence one another.

Answer 5

FALSE

Question 6

What are some cytokines of the innate immune system?

Answer 6

INFLAMMATION

Pro-inflammatory:

1. TNF-alpha
2. IL-1
3. IL-12
4. IFN

Anti-inflammatory:
1. IL-10

Question 7

What is the function of TNF-alpha?

Answer 7

Works at the site of infection to:

1. Activate leukocytes
2. Activate adhesion molecules on immune cells and epithelium

Question 8

T/F: High concentrations of TNF-alpha is good for the body.

Answer 8

FALSE

Question 9

T/F: At low concentrations TNF-alpha initiates immune response.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

What are the main producers of IL-1?

Answer 10

Macrophages and neutrophils

Question 11

What is the function of IL-1?

Answer 11

Same functions of TNF-alpha: activate cells of innate immune system and help with their adhesion

Question 12

What are the functions of IL-6?

Answer 12

1. Inflammation (similar to TNF-alpha and IL-1)

2. Stimulates liver to begin acute phase response

Question 13

How does IL-12 stimulate the innate immune response?

Answer 13

Activates various cells which then produce IFN-gamma for macrophage killing

Question 14

What various cells become activated by IL-12?

Answer 14

1. CD4+
2. NK cell
3. CD8+

Question 15

Which cytokines are specific for Th1 immunity?

Answer 15

IFN-gamma and IL-2

Question 16

Which cytokines are specific to Th2 immunity?

Answer 16

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-2

Question 17

Group the cytokines into innate and adaptive immune systems.

Answer 17

Innate: IFN-gamma, IL-12, TNF, IL-1, chemokines

Adaptive: IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4

Question 18

What is the most important cytokine for adaptive immunity?

Answer 18

IL-2

Question 19

What is the function of IL-2?

Answer 19

Stimulate growth, survival, and differentiation of T cells

Question 20

Which T helper cells are most helpful against intracellular pathogens?

Answer 20

Th1

Question 21

What cytokine is produced by Th1 helper cells?

Answer 21

IFN-gamma

Question 22

Which T helper cells fight extracellular pathogens?

Answer 22

Th2 cells

Question 23

If a naive T cell is exposed to IL-2 and IL-12 what will it become?

Answer 23

Th1: will release IFN-gamma

Question 24

If a naive T cell is exposed to IL-2 and IL-4 what will it become?

Answer 24

Th2: produce IL-4. IL-5, IL-13

Question 25

What are the various functions of IFN-gamma?

Answer 25

1. Facilitate macrophage killing 2. Increase opsonization 3. Increase antigen presentation

Question 26

Which cytokine leads to the Ig class switching to IgE?

Answer 26

IL-4

Question 27

What cytokine leads to eosinophils activation?

Answer 27

IL-5 via Th2 cell

Question 28

Which cytokine stimulates mucous production in gut and lung?

Answer 28

IL-13 via Th2 cells

Question 29

What cytokine is important in allergic response?

Answer 29

IL-5

Question 30

Which inhibitory cytokine is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and T helper cells?

Answer 30

IL-10

Question 31

What cytokine does IL-10 inhibit?

Answer 31

IL-12

Question 32

What is the major roll of chemokines?

Answer 32

Regulate migration of cells from lymph nodes to periphery or vice versa

Question 33

What receptor binds to IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-13?

Answer 33

Type 1

Question 34

Which receptor family binds to IFN-gamma and IL-10?

Answer 34

Type II

Question 35

What type of receptor binds to all chemokines?

Answer 35

G-protein-coupled receptors