Cytokines of Innate Immunity

Question 1

IL-1

Answer 1

Source- Macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells
Targets- Endothelial cells- activation (inflammation, coagulation)
Hypothalamus- fever
Liver- synthesis of acute phase proteins

Question 2

Chemokines

Answer 2

Source- Macrophages, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, platelets
Target- Leukocytes (chemotaxis, activation)

Question 3

IL-12

Answer 3

Source- Macrophages, Dendritic cells
Target- NK cells and T cells- IFN-y synthesis, increased cytolytic activity
T cells- TH1 differentiation

Question 4

IFN-y

Answer 4

Source- NK cells, T lymphocytes
Targets- Activation of macrophages
Stimulation of some antibody responses

Question 5

Type 1 IFNs (IFN-a, IFN-b)

Answer 5

Source- IFN-a- Macrophages
IFN-b- fibroblasts

Target- All cells- antiviral state, increased class 1 MHC expression
NK cells- activation

Question 6

IL-10

Answer 6

Source- Macrophages, T cells (Mostly TH2)
Target- Macrophages- inhibition of IL-12 production, reduced expression of costimulators and class II MHC molecules

Question 7

IL-6

Answer 7

Source- Macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
Target- Liver- synthesis of acute phase proteins
B cells- proliferation of antibody-producing cells

Question 8

IL-15

Answer 8

Source- Macrophages, others
Target- NK cells- proliferation
T cells- proliferation

Question 9

IL-18

Answer 9

Source- Macrophages

Target- NK cells and T cells- IFN-y synthesis

Question 10

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

Answer 10

Principal cell source: Macrophages, T cells
Targets: Endothelial cells- activation (inflammation, coagulation)
Neutrophils- activation
Hypothalamus- fever
Liver- synthesis of acute phase proteins
Muscle, fat- catabolism
Many cells- apoptosis