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Biology > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

the smallest unit of life itself

A

cell

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2
Q

the study of cells

A

cell biology or cytology

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3
Q

the first person to see a cell using a homemade microscope

A

Robert Hooke

he was known as a contemporary of Isaac Newton

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4
Q

A German botanist who learned all plants are composed of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

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5
Q

a scientist who determined all animals are composed of cells

A

Theodor Schwann

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6
Q

in 1855 proposed that all cells come from preexisting cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

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7
Q
  1. all living things are composed of one or more cell
  2. a cell is the basic unit of organization in all animals
  3. all cells come from existing cells
A

cell theory

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8
Q
  1. cells use and transfer energy
  2. hereditary information is passed from cell to cell
  3. all cells have the same basic chemical composition
A

modern cell theory

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9
Q

a group of cells connected together to carry out a specific function

A

tissue

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10
Q

several types of tissues that work together to perform a function

A

organ

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11
Q

a group of organs cooperating to perform a function

A

organ system

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12
Q

the type of cells in multicellular organism and have a cellular membrane around the cell but no membrane bound organelles

A

prokaryotic cell

ex. plants and animals

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13
Q

The type of cells in single celled organisms

A

Eukaryotic cells

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14
Q

the cell membrane that separates the cell from its environment

A

plasma membrane

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15
Q

fluid inside the cells and contains molecules and organelles

A

cytoplasm

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16
Q

little organs inside the cell

A

organelles

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17
Q

the control center of the cell containing all of the DNA and the genetic material of the cell

A

nucleus

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18
Q

three main parts of a eukaryotic cell

A
  1. plasma membrane
  2. cytoplasm with organelles
  3. nucleus
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19
Q

what is the main job of the plasma membrane

A

maintain homeostasis

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20
Q

how does a cell maintain homeostasis?

A

through selective permeability

only lets certain things in and out

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21
Q

has a hydrolic, water loving, head and two hydrophobic, water avoiding, tails

A

phospholipids
forms a fluid mosaic model
phospholipid bilayer

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22
Q

stabilizes the membrane and helps prevent phospholipids from sticking together

A

cholesterol

23
Q

form channels for specific molecules to enter and leave

A

transport proteins

24
Q

identify the type of cell to other cells

A

proteins and carbohydrates

25
Q

no energy needed for transportation

A

passive transport

26
Q

molecules move from high concentration to lower concentration

A

diffusion

27
Q

the random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid

A

the result of brownian motion

28
Q

The result of Brownian motion is affected by what?

A

temperature, concentration, and the size of molecules

29
Q

The solvent diluting the solution

A

osmosis

30
Q

using energy to move molecules from a lower to high concentration

A

active transportation

31
Q

What do transport proteins form for specific molecules to enter and leave

A

channels

32
Q

movement into the cell

A

endocytosis

33
Q

a cell taking in a solid material

A

phagocytosis

34
Q

a cell taking in a liquid material

A

pinocytosis

35
Q

movement out of the cell

A

exocytosis

36
Q

the fluid that fill the space of the cell called cytosol and contains the cytoskeleton

A

cytolpasm

37
Q

a network of fibers that give the cell its shape

A

cytoskeleton

38
Q

little organs inside the cell which interact with each other and function to keep the cell running smoothly

A

organelles

39
Q

the smallest and most numerous organelles inside the cell

A

ribosomes

40
Q

Where are the ribosomes made and what are they made of?

A

in the nucleus and are made of proteins and strand of DNA

41
Q

What is the ribosomes purpose?

A

line up amino acids in order to create different proteins

42
Q

Where are the ribosomes in a cell?

A

floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

does not have ribosomes attached and appears to have a smooth surface

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

produces lipids

44
Q

has ribosomes attached to make it look bumpy

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

produces proteins

45
Q

sorts protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum into vesicles

A

golgi apparatus

shipping center of cell

46
Q

contains enzymes that break down molecules

A

lysosomes

recycling center of cell

47
Q

creates energy through cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

power plants of a cell

48
Q

What is unique about the mitochondria?

A
  1. self replicate

2. have their own DNA

49
Q

makes energy through photosynthesis and only found in plants

A

chloroplasts

50
Q

store food, water, and minerals for the cell

A

vacuoles

storage containers of cells

51
Q

the control center of a cell and tells the cell how it should be structured and what it should do

A

nucleus

52
Q

a membrane that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell

A

nuclear envelope

53
Q

a watery gel-like substance inside the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

54
Q

found within nucleoplasm and is the master control center of the cell

A

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Biology (12 decks)

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