Cytology

Question 1

the smallest unit of life itself

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

the study of cells

Answer 2

cell biology or cytology

Question 3

the first person to see a cell using a homemade microscope

Answer 3

Robert Hooke

he was known as a contemporary of Isaac Newton

Question 4

A German botanist who learned all plants are composed of cells

Answer 4

Matthias Schleiden

Question 5

a scientist who determined all animals are composed of cells

Answer 5

Theodor Schwann

Question 6

in 1855 proposed that all cells come from preexisting cells

Answer 6

Rudolf Virchow

Question 7

1. all living things are composed of one or more cell
2. a cell is the basic unit of organization in all animals
3. all cells come from existing cells

Answer 7

cell theory

Question 8

1. cells use and transfer energy
2. hereditary information is passed from cell to cell
3. all cells have the same basic chemical composition

Answer 8

modern cell theory

Question 9

a group of cells connected together to carry out a specific function

Answer 9

tissue

Question 10

several types of tissues that work together to perform a function

Answer 10

organ

Question 11

a group of organs cooperating to perform a function

Answer 11

organ system

Question 12

the type of cells in multicellular organism and have a cellular membrane around the cell but no membrane bound organelles

Answer 12

prokaryotic cell

ex. plants and animals

Question 13

The type of cells in single celled organisms

Answer 13

Eukaryotic cells

Question 14

the cell membrane that separates the cell from its environment

Answer 14

plasma membrane

Question 15

fluid inside the cells and contains molecules and organelles

Answer 15

cytoplasm

Question 16

little organs inside the cell

Answer 16

organelles

Question 17

the control center of the cell containing all of the DNA and the genetic material of the cell

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

three main parts of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 18

1. plasma membrane
2. cytoplasm with organelles
3. nucleus

Question 19

what is the main job of the plasma membrane

Answer 19

maintain homeostasis

Question 20

how does a cell maintain homeostasis?

Answer 20

through selective permeability

only lets certain things in and out

Question 21

has a hydrolic, water loving, head and two hydrophobic, water avoiding, tails

Answer 21

phospholipids
forms a fluid mosaic model
phospholipid bilayer

Question 22

stabilizes the membrane and helps prevent phospholipids from sticking together

Answer 22

cholesterol

Question 23

form channels for specific molecules to enter and leave

Answer 23

transport proteins

Question 24

identify the type of cell to other cells

Answer 24

proteins and carbohydrates

Question 25

no energy needed for transportation

Answer 25

passive transport

Question 26

molecules move from high concentration to lower concentration

Answer 26

diffusion

Question 27

the random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid

Answer 27

the result of brownian motion

Question 28

The result of Brownian motion is affected by what?

Answer 28

temperature, concentration, and the size of molecules

Question 29

The solvent diluting the solution

Answer 29

osmosis

Question 30

using energy to move molecules from a lower to high concentration

Answer 30

active transportation

Question 31

What do transport proteins form for specific molecules to enter and leave

Answer 31

channels

Question 32

movement into the cell

Answer 32

endocytosis

Question 33

a cell taking in a solid material

Answer 33

phagocytosis

Question 34

a cell taking in a liquid material

Answer 34

pinocytosis

Question 35

movement out of the cell

Answer 35

exocytosis

Question 36

the fluid that fill the space of the cell called cytosol and contains the cytoskeleton

Answer 36

cytolpasm

Question 37

a network of fibers that give the cell its shape

Answer 37

cytoskeleton

Question 38

little organs inside the cell which interact with each other and function to keep the cell running smoothly

Answer 38

organelles

Question 39

the smallest and most numerous organelles inside the cell

Answer 39

ribosomes

Question 40

Where are the ribosomes made and what are they made of?

Answer 40

in the nucleus and are made of proteins and strand of DNA

Question 41

What is the ribosomes purpose?

Answer 41

line up amino acids in order to create different proteins

Question 42

Where are the ribosomes in a cell?

Answer 42

floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

does not have ribosomes attached and appears to have a smooth surface

Answer 43

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | produces lipids

Question 44

has ribosomes attached to make it look bumpy

Answer 44

rough endoplasmic reticulum | produces proteins

Question 45

sorts protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum into vesicles

Answer 45

golgi apparatus | shipping center of cell

Question 46

contains enzymes that break down molecules

Answer 46

lysosomes | recycling center of cell

Question 47

creates energy through cellular respiration

Answer 47

mitochondria | power plants of a cell

Question 48

What is unique about the mitochondria?

Answer 48

1. self replicate | 2. have their own DNA

Question 49

makes energy through photosynthesis and only found in plants

Answer 49

chloroplasts

Question 50

store food, water, and minerals for the cell

Answer 50

vacuoles | storage containers of cells

Question 51

the control center of a cell and tells the cell how it should be structured and what it should do

Answer 51

nucleus

Question 52

a membrane that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell

Answer 52

nuclear envelope

Question 53

a watery gel-like substance inside the nucleus

Answer 53

nucleoplasm

Question 54

found within nucleoplasm and is the master control center of the cell

Answer 54

DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid