Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 212 Anatomy > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Explain Cell Theory(3)

A
  1. Cells are the “building blocks” of all plants and animals
  2. Cells are produced by the division of pre-existing cells
    Mitosis and Meiosis
  3. Cells are the smallest units that perform all vital functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 types of cells

A
  1. Sex(germ cells/ gametes)- sperm(male)/Egg(female)
  2. Somatic Cells - cells of the body, everything that is not a sex cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe extracellular Fluid(5)

A
  1. Usually a watery fluid (aka interstitial fluid)
  2. It is the matrix of connective tissue
  3. Little intercellular space in some tissues
  4. Provides a medium for nutrients, gasses, and waste
  5. May be blood or lymph within specific specific vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 functions of the plasma membrane

A
  1. Physical Isolation
  2. Sensitivity
  3. Structural Support
  4. Regulation of exchange of materials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Physical Isolation(Plasma Membrane)

A

Physical isolation of cell contents form extracellular fluid, separates internal and external environments of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Sensitivity and Structural Support(Plasma Membrane)

A

A. Sensitivity to changes in the extracellular fluid, responsiveness to changes
B. Structural Support of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Regulation of exchange of materials

A

Regulation of exchange of materials between the cell and the extracellular fluid- selective permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the molecules of the plasma membrane( 4)

A
  1. Phospholipid molecules
  2. Proteins
  3. Cholesterol
  4. Glycolipids and Glycoproteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the 2 parts of the phospholipid molecule

A
  1. Phosphate head:
    -hydrophilic, “water loving”-reacts with water, Polar=charged
    -Align towards intra and extracellular fluids
  2. Lipid Tail
    -Hydrophobic, “water fearing” , non polar= non charged
    -Align away from intra and extracellular fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the two types of proteins

A
  1. Integral proteins- span membrane
    - Form pores/channels
  2. Peripheral Proteins- attach to inner or out structures
    - Anchors cytoskeleton, forms gates, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Cholesterol

A

-Adds fluidity and structure to membrane
-Makes Bi-layer more impermeable to water-soluble substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

-“Sugar coating”, made of sugar
-Cell coat to possibly help cells bind (glycocalyx)
-Cell identification( like a fingerprint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Active and Passive Transport

A

Passive process
1. No ATP (cellular energy) used by cell
2. Is concentration dependent
- High concentration-> low concentration

Active process
1. ATP (cellular energy) use is required
2. Not concentration dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 4 types of passive processes

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Facilitated Diffusion
  3. Osmosis
  4. Filtration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the 3 types of active processes

A
  1. Active transport
  2. Endocytosis
  3. Exocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Diffusion

A

Substance moved from higher conc. To lower conc. By way of KINETIC ENERGY(thermal)

17
Q

Define Facilitate Diffusion

A

Lipid- insoluble substances helped by membrane carrier protein (like swinging door) down a concentration gradient

18
Q

Define Osmosis

A

Movement of water molecules across a membrane, high H2O concentration to low H2O concentration

19
Q

Define Filtration

A

Dissolved Solutes moved across a membrane by external mechanical forces

20
Q

Define Active Transport

A

Substances transported via membrane carrier protein usually AGAINST concentration gradient- ATP is used

21
Q

Define Endocytosis

A

Cell membrane engulfs a molecule organism, forms a vesicle by pinching off and bringing the vesicle within
- independent of concentration gradient

22
Q

Define Exocytosis

A

Substances transported via vesicle
- it fuses to membrane and opens to outside
- independent to concentration gradient

23
Q

Name the membrane extensions(3)

A
  1. Microvilli
  2. Cilia
  3. Flagella
24
Q

Describe Microvilli

A
  1. Primarily used in absorption
  2. Increases Surface Area
    EX: on digestive track
25
Q

Describe Cilia

A
  1. contains regularly arranged microtubules
  2. beats rhythmically to move particles along cell’s surface
26
Q

Describe Flagella

A
  1. Similar to Cilia in design but longer
  2. Single Extension
    EX: Sperm
27
Q

Name the non-membranous Organelles

A
  1. Cytoskeleton
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Centrioles
28
Q

Name the Membrane Bound Organelles (5)

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  4. Golgi Apparatus
  5. Lysosomes
29
Q

Describe the nucleus

A
  1. Contains Genetic Material
  2. Directs Protein Synthesis
  3. Directs cellular structure functions
30
Q

Describe the Mitochondria

A
  1. Uses oxygen for cellular respiration
  2. generates ATP(energy for the cell)
  3. Can divide so numbers vary
  4. All mitochondria of an individual come from their mother
31
Q

Describe the Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
    a. Synthesizes steroid and lipids
  2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
    a. synthesizes proteins
32
Q

Describe the Golgi Apparatus

A
  1. Stacks of flattened membranous sacs
  2. vesicle producing organelle
  3. Receives synthesized proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum
  4. Forms secretory vesicles
33
Q

Describe Lysosomes

A

-“cell suicide packages”
1. Membrane enclosed sacs from the golgi apparatus
2. Contains enzymes capable of breaking down proteins, lipids, some carbs, and DNA and RNA
3. Digest phagocytized (eaten) foreign material

34
Q

Describe Peroxisomes

A
  1. similar to lysosomes but come from preexisting Peroxisomes
  2. Used to Detoxify

BIOL 212 Anatomy (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions