Cytology and Histology

Question 1

the basic structural and functional unit
of life capable of performing series of
physical and chemical processes
necessary for survival

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

Collective term for different
substances that make up a cell

Answer 2

protoplasm

Question 3

Principal fluid medium, constituting
70 to 85% of cell mass

Answer 3

water

Question 4

Most abundant substance in the cell next to
water, constituting 10 to 20% of cell
mass

Answer 4

protein

Question 5

2 FORMS OF CELLULAR PROTEINS

Answer 5

globular and structural

Question 6

most abundant form of lipid in cell

Answer 6

phospholipid and cholesterol

Question 7

constituting 2% of cell mass are used
to form cell membrane

Answer 7

lipids

Question 8

storage form of lipid in
fat cells

Answer 8

triglycerides or neutral cells

Question 9

Have little structural function but
provide most of the nutritional
requirements of cell

Answer 9

carbohydrates

Question 10

simplest form of carbohydrate for
cellular metabolism

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

Storage form of carbohydrate in liver, and skeletal muscle

Answer 11

Glycogen

Question 12

Provide inorganic chemicals for
cellular toxins

Answer 12

electrolytes

Question 13

electrolytes that are positively charges

Answer 13

Cations

Question 14

electrolytes that are negatively charged

Answer 14

Anions

Question 15

4 Examples on Anions

Answer 15

bicarbonate ion, chloride ion, phosphate ion, sulfate ion

Question 16

Examples of cations

Answer 16

Sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion

Question 17

principal cell barrier regulating inflow
and outflow of cytoplasmic substances

Answer 17

Cell wall/ cell membrane

Question 18

located at the center of the cell and contains genetic materials

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

located in the nucleus. Contains DNA

Answer 19

Chromosomes

Question 20

located in the nucleus. Contains RNA

Answer 20

nucleolus

Question 21

Liquid component of nuclues

Answer 21

nuclear sap

Question 22

Separates nuclear components from
cytoplasmic components

Answer 22

nuclear envelop

Question 23

Boat-shaped power house of the cell

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

cytoplasmic vacuoles in animal cell

Answer 24

Lysosome

Question 25

contain hydrolase and peroxidase

Answer 25

Lysosome

Question 26

organelles that sequester diverse oxidative reactions (oxidase)

Answer 26

Peroxisome

Question 27

where protein synthesis happens

Answer 27

rough endoplasmic reticulum(granular)

Question 28

Responsible for lipid, steroid, and carbohydrate synthesis within the cell

Answer 28

Agranular or Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 29

Proteins produced by granular ER is for ________________ use

Answer 29

outside

Question 30

Proteins synthesis by _____________________ is for inside use

Answer 30

free ribosomes

Question 31

Packaging center of the cell

Answer 31

Golgi Complex/apparatus

Question 32

guides spindle fiber during mitosis and meiosis

Answer 32

Centriole

Question 33

are aggregate or group of cell with similar and coordinated functions

Answer 33

tissue

Question 34

anchors cells within the tissue

Answer 34

Desmosome

Question 35

Impermeable junction

Answer 35

Zonula occludens

Question 36

permeable junction through with communication and exchange can happen

Answer 36

Gap junction

Question 37

Adhering junction

Answer 37

Zonula adherens

Question 38

Anchors cell to basement membrane

Answer 38

Hemidesmosome

Question 39

sheep like tissue with a free surface facing the external environment or body fluid

Answer 39

epithelial tissue

Question 40

epithelial tissue present in the lining of blood and lymph vessels: heart, air sacs of lungs, pleura, peritoneum

Answer 40

simple squamus

Question 41

Simple squamous mesothelial

Answer 41

pleural and peritoneum

Question 42

Simple epithelial tissue present in ducts, glands, gut (stomach and intestine), part of uterus, small bronchi

Answer 42

simple columnar

Question 43

simple epithelial tissue that make up ducts, secretory part of small glands, retina, kidney tubules, ovaries, testes, bronchioles

Answer 43

simple cuboidal

Question 44

present on epidermis of skin

Answer 44

stratified

Question 45

present on respiratory passage

Answer 45

pseudostratified

Question 46

epithelium present in therenal calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Answer 46

transitional

Question 47

the most abundant and widely distributed of all tissues in complex animals that protect and support other tissue

Answer 47

connective tissue

Question 48

Type of Connective Tissue:fibers and fibroblast secreting fibers all loosely arrange in a semifluid ground substance

Answer 48

loose connective tissue

Question 49

Type of Connective Tissue: present on skin and also forms protective capsule around organs that do not stretch much

Answer 49

DENSE IRREGULAR connective tissue

Question 50

Type of Connective Tissue: typical tissue present in tendon

Answer 50

DENSE REGULAR connective tissue

Question 51

TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBER: long, flexible but not stretchable fiber,

Answer 51

collagen tissue fiber

Question 52

TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBER: contain elastin stretchable fiber but not strong

Answer 52

Elastic connective tissue fiber

Question 53

TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBER: almost similar to collagen fiber but are thin and delicate

Answer 53

RETICULAR tissue fiber

Question 54

Tissue capable of contraction

Answer 54

MUSCULAR TISSUE

Question 55

TYPE OF SKELETAL TISSUE: striated AND voluntary muscle attached to bone

Answer 55

skeletal muscle tissue

Question 56

TYPE OF SKELETAL TISSUE: striated AND involuntary muscle of mycardium

Answer 56

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 57

TYPE OF SKELETAL TISSUE: smooth, non-striated AND involuntary muscle of most organs

Answer 57

smooth muscle tissue

Question 58

Tissue which exert the greatest control over the body’s responsiveness to changing conditions

Answer 58

nervous tissue

Question 59

means the ability to respond to stimuli

Answer 59

property of irritability

Question 60

Excitable cells that form communication lines in most of the nervous system

Answer 60

Neurons

Question 61

protect and support neuron structurally and metabolically

Answer 61

NEUROGLIA