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RUSVM Clin Path > Cytology of Cells > Flashcards

Cytology of Cells Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Fluid Analysis

A

Note color, clarity, odor

Total protein - refractometry

Cell count (manual system, electronic cell counter)

Sediment cells if count

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2
Q

what are the important components of body cavity fluid analysis

A

cell concentration

protein concentration

types of cells present (inflammatory, organisms, neoplastic)

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3
Q

transudate

A

passive accumulation o fluid: low proteins and cells

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4
Q

prue transudates

A

form due to hypoalbuminemia

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5
Q

modified transudates

A

form due to impaired blood of lymph flow

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6
Q

exudates

A

form due to increased capillary permeability (inflammation)

high protein and cell count

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7
Q

properties of transudate

A

Appearance: Clear

Total Protein:

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8
Q

properties of exudate

A

Appearance: Cloudy

Total Protein: >3 g/dl

NCC: >6,000/μl

Clot form: Yes

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9
Q

fluid analysis: special biochemical tests

A

Creatinine if suspect uroabdomen

Triglyceride if suspect chylous effusion

Bilirubin if suspect bile leakage

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10
Q

T/F if removing fluid from thoracic cavity, best to use catheter, rather than needle, to avoid pneumothorax

A

true : pneumothoraxes are bad

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11
Q

what can happen if you accidentally aspirate liver when removing fluid from the thoracic cavity

A

may confuse hepatocytes with neoplastic cells

common in cats-sits pretty far forward

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12
Q

push films

A

similar to blood film

advantage: big cells at edge; disadvantage, cells often broken at edge

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13
Q

pull films

A

Place a drop of fluid on slide, place another slide on top, allow drop to spread, pull slides gently apart.

advantage, cells nicely spread out; disadvantage, no concentration of big cells

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14
Q

what is the only disabvantage of using diff quik

A

may not stain mast cell granules (~10% dont stain)

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15
Q

T/F all bacteria stain blue on wright’s stain

A

true

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16
Q

why can gram stains be misleading

A

when bacteria die, gram + may appear as gram -

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17
Q

types of inflammation

A

suppurative: neutrophils
mixed: segs, lymphs, macs, maybe eos
mononuclear: macrophages, lymphs

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18
Q

what is a potential cause of mononuclear inflammation

A

foreign body

mycobacterium

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19
Q

if you see different types of bacteria what is your best guess as to where they are coming from

A

Gut

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20
Q

Enterocentesis vs septic peritonitis

A

How many inflammatory cells present in fluid?

Clinical condition?

Leukogram?
- Expect inflammatory leukogram & likely neutropenia and left shift w/ GI rupture.

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21
Q

organisms of than bacteria to look for

A

systemic fungal diseases (Histoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis, Blastomycosis, Coccidiodomycosis)

Leishmaniasis or Toxoplasmosis

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22
Q

what cells are the bane of body cavity fluid cytology

A

mesothelial cells

look like neoplastic epithelial cells

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23
Q

how to distinguished mesothelial cells from neoplastic cells

A

Look at the number of these cells, usually with carcinomas see a lot more neoplastic cells

May see 3-4 clumps of mesothelial cells

Still very subjective

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24
Q

discrete

Study These Flashcards
A

cells not hooked to each other

25
Cell types encountered in neoplastic effusions
lymphoblasts carcinoma cells
26
criteria of malignancy
Variable nuclear size (anisokaryosis) Large multiple nucleoli Abnormal mitoses Nuclear molding (Binucleate cell and one nucleus conforms the shape of the other)
27
whats your diagnosis when see epithelial cells of variable sizes and prominent nuclei
pos. carcinoma
28
what is the only disease that will have a higher Glob than albumin concentration with abdominal effusion
FIP
29
high protein count with cell count lower than 20,000 what should you be thinking
FIP
30
what is characteristic of FIP on cytology
background stained-amourphous protein: • so proteinacious that it will peal up • Stain sticks to protein (don't confuse with bacteria- neutrophils would be falling apart)
31
think FIP with:
High protein, relatively low cell concentration!!!
32
T/F in almost all fluids the cholesterol will be higher than triglycerides
true
33
chylous effusion
acute: predominantly small lymphocytes longstanding: more inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages)
34
how can you confirm the presence of chyle
cholesterol: triglyceride ratio compare triglyceride in fluid with serum (chyle high in triglycerides if eating)
35
if chylous effusion is secondary to lymphoma
lymphoblasts are usually present
36
what can brown fluid in the abdomen indicate
old blood bile-more likely (measure bilirubin)
37
2 year old cat with anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea TP: 3.6, NCC- 15,700
Lymphoma
38
T/F Do not expect to see sarcoma cells exfoliate into body cavity effusions. Only lymphomas and carcinomas tend to exfoliate.
true
39
8 yr old German shepherd Acute weakness, enlarged abdomen Pale mucous membranes, dyspnea CBC- regenerative anemia, acanthocytes seen on smear PCV - 18% TP - 5.8 g/dl ``` Abdominal fluid analysis Red, cloudy TP - 6 g/dl NCC - 10,000/μl PCV - 24% ```
Dx: Hemangiosarcoma ruptured leading to hemoabdomen
40
what should you be thinking with an inflammatory leukogram more bands than segs (bone marrow not keeping up)
peritonitis, septicemia- (severe demand for neutrophils) overwhelming inflammatory focus someplace
41
hypoglycemia in the face of degenerative left shift suggests
septicemia
42
hypoalbuminemia
pure transudate
43
cardiomyopathy
modified transudate, mixed cells
44
lymphoma
lymphoblast in effusion
45
cacinoma
neoplastic epithelial cells in effusion
46
Feline infectious peritonitis
high protein, low cell concentration, mixture of cells
47
bacterial infections
high cell concentration-neutrophils bacteria
48
chylous effusions
small lymphocytes acutely, then mixed
49
uroabdomen
cells variable, CREA high
50
T/F cell counts are helpful in joint fluid analysis because it is difficult to estimate
true
51
normal cell values
52
what cells are predominant in joints
large mononuclear: - macrophages - synovial lining cells
53
types of inflammatory joint fluid
suppurative mononuclear
54
suppurative joint fluid
usually immune-mediated if septic difficult to see bacteria
55
mononuclear joint fluid
degenerative disease or trauma
56
immune mediated joint inflammation
Low to high cellularity Increase in nondegenerate neutrophils Usually multiple joints
57
infectious joint inflammation
High cell count. Usually nondegenerate neurophils Typically do not see the infectious agent Usually single joint
58
joint trauma
usually single joint

RUSVM Clin Path (11 decks)

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