D-4-book Flashcards
1
Q
canal
A
اسم
مجرا، کاریز
the suez canal
digging the Panama canal took several years
2
Q
skyscraper
A
آسمان خراش
a tall building of many stories
3
Q
tunnel(n,v)
A
تونل، تونل زدن
an artificial underground passage specially one built through a hill or under a building or river or road
engineers are tunneling under the river
4
Q
tower
A
اسم
برج
5
Q
subway
A
مترو
an underground electric railroad
6
Q
stadium
A
ورزشگاه
7
Q
bridge
A
پل
8
Q
plaza
A
a public square, marketplace, or similar open space in a built-up area.
castle
9
Q
گرامر comparision
۱) همان مقایسه بین دوتا چیز با صفت
زیر دو سیلابی adj + er + than
بیشتر از دو سیلابی more + adj + than
۲) not + as + adj + as
۳) more + noun + than
A
the Empire State building is older, taller, and more famous than Rockfeller center
the lines at Rockfeller center aren’t as long as the lines at the Empire State building
the Empire state gets more visitors than Rockfeller center
10
Q
fact
A
واقعیت
11
Q
islander
A
جزیره نشین
12
Q
Interactions Interesting and unknown facts Expressing disbelief ; no way seriously? I don’t believe it
saying you don’t know;
I really don’t know
I have no idea
I don’t have a clue
A
هیچی ☺️☺️☺️
13
Q
pronunciation Intonation in tag question falling intonation in tag questions when the speaker expects the listener to agree or expects something to be true The statues look so heavy, don’t they? The island is beautiful, isn’t it?
A
هیچی☺️☺️☺️☺️
14
Q
desert
A
بیابان، صحرا
15
Q
island
A
جزیره
16
Q
lake
A
دریاچه
17
Q
ocean
A
اقیانوس
18
Q
rain forest
A
جنگل انبوه مناطق گرم و پر باران
19
Q
river
A
رود، رودخانه
20
Q
pretty(adj,adv)
A
قشنگ، تاحدی، به طور دلپذیر
she isn’t a beauty queen but she is quite pretty
she was pretty angry
21
Q
valley
A
دره
a low area between hills or mountains, typically with a river or stream flowing through it
22
Q
waterfall
A
آبشار
23
Q
tropical
A
صفت
گرمسیری
24
Q
coral reef
A
صخره مرجانی، تپه مرجانی
a ridge of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of coral
25
orchid
اسم
| گل ارکیده
26
hawk
اسم
| شاهین، باز
27
swoop
فعل
به سرعت پایین آمدن
(especially of a bird) move rapidly downward through the air
28
rabbit
خرگوش
29
prairie
چمن زار، مرتع
30
hop
فعل
رقصیدن، جست و خیز کردن
the dancers rely on powerful, rather slow, twirling movements with hops
31
microorganism
اسم
| جانور کوچک و میکروسکوپی ، ریز جاندار
32
living
زنده
33
grassland
مرتع، چمنزار، مرغزار
34
coniferous
صفت
| مخروطی
35
fascinating
شگفت انگیز
36
deciduous
برگریز، گیاهی که در زمستان برگ می ریزد
37
producer
سازنده، تهیه کننده
| a person, company, or country that makes, grows, or supplies goods or commodities for sale
38
consumer
مصرف کننده
39
nutrient(adj,n)
مغذی، ماده مغذی
40
nourish
فعل
غذا دادن، خوراک دادن
provide with the food or other substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition
41
substance
ماده
| a particular kind of matter with uniform properties
42
herbivore
حیوان گیاه خوار
| an animal that feeds on plants
43
carnivore
حیوان گوشتخوار
| an animal that feeds on flesh
44
decomposer
اسم
تجزیه کننده
an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material
45
break down
```
فعل
درهم شکستن، تجزیه کردن
a mechanical failure
a failure of a relationship or system
the chemical or physical decomposition of something
```
46
waste(n,adj,v)
ضایعات، زائد، بیهوده تلف کردن
47
fungus
اسم
| قارچ
48
mold
اسم
| قالب، الگو، کپک
49
bacteria
باکتری
50
root
ریشه
51
swamp
باتلاق، مرداب
52
web
تار، تار عنکبوت، وب
53
paw
چنگال، پنجه
| an animal’s foot having claws and pads
54
drought
خشکسالی
| a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall
55
pine
کاج
| a tree with needle shape leaves
56
seal(n,v)
مهر، بستن، مهر و موم کردن
an official seal
Cyrus put the letter in an envelope and sealed it
Pari sealed the parcel up with adhesive tape
57
dam
سد، آب بند
| karaj dam is (located) near Ghazvin
58
irrigation
آبیاری
59
bulldoze
فعل
با بولدوزر کار کردن
clear (ground) or destroy (buildings, trees, etc.) with a bulldozer.
60
lumber
الوار، تخته
61
breathtaking
صفت
| مهیج، هیجان آور
62
lanscape
اسم
چشم انداز، دورنما
all the visible features of an area of countryside or land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.
"the giant cacti that dominate this landscape"
63
border
اسم
مرز، کناره، سرحد
a line separating two political or geographical areas, especially countries.
"the German border with Denmark"
synonyms: frontier, boundary, borderline, perimeter
64
cornfield
مزرعه ذرت
65
harbor
```
اسم
بندرگاه، لنگرگاه
a place on the coast where vessels may find shelter, especially one protected from rough water by piers, jetties, and other artificial structures.
"fishing in the harbor"
synonyms: port, dock, haven, marina
```
66
sugar loaf
کله قند
67
commitment
تعهد، الزام، سرسپردگی
| what I want to do
68
a birthday party
a business meeting
69
a conference call
a doctor’s appointment
70
a job interview
soccer practise
71
a violin practise
هیچی😂😂😂😂
72
blind date
a social engagement or date with a person one has not previously met.
"a blind date arranged by well-meaning friends
73
```
Granmar
Superlatives
همان قواعد قبل هست برای صفت
برای اسم هم میشه به کار برد
the + most + noun
```
Java has the most people of all the islands in Indonesia
74
intention
قصد، منظور، تصمیم
a thing intended; an aim or plan.
"she was full of good intentions"
75
grammar
برای بیان تصمیم و برنامه ای که در ذهن داریم میتونیم از present continuous استفاده کنیم
My parents are arriving from out of town this weekend
They are staying at my place for the weekend
برای شرح رویدادهایی که طبق برنامه زمانی و schedule هستند از simple present استفاده میکنیم
I have an appointment in the morning
the movie starts at 9:00 p.m
76
```
Interactions
Phone messages
Offering to take a message
can I take a message?
do you want to leave a message?
would you like to leave a message?
```
leaving a message
please tell him that we’re leaving tomorrow at 8:00 not 9:00
can you tell him that we’re leaving tomorrow at 8:00 not 9:00
could you let him know that we’re leaving tomorrow at 8:00 not 9:00
هیچی😂😂😂
77
favor(n,v)
لطف، مساعدت، مرحمت، نیکی کردن به
an act of kindness beyond what is due or usual.
"I've come to ask you a favor"
synonyms: service, good turn, good deed, kindness
78
```
Some favor
check my homework
feed my cat
get my mail
give me a ride
help me with my resume
lend me some money
pick me up
water my plants
```
هیچی😂😂😂
79
offer(n,v)
پیشنهاد، پیشنهاد کردن
80
resume
خلاصه تجربیات
81
paranthese
پرانتز، کمانک
82
species
انواع، گونه ها
| kinds
83
pollination
اسم
| گرده افشانی
84
native
صفت
بومی، محلی
associated with the country, region, or circumstances of a person's birth.
"he's a native New Yorker"
85
costly
صفت
گران، هزینه بر
expensive
86
hive
کندو
87
sting(n,v)
نیش، نیش زدن، گزیدن
88
vast
صفت
| وسیع، پهناور، بیکران
89
invade
فعل
حمله کردن، هجوم کردن، تهاجم کردن
attack
90
strength
استحکام، توانایی، قوت
| the quality or state of being strong, in particular
91
radical
افراطی، رادیکال
92
peak
قله، اوج
| summit
93
glacier
یخچال طبیعی، توده یخ غلتان
94
ice cap
کوه یخ
| a covering of ice over a large area, especially on the polar region of a planet
95
melting
| متضاد
freezing
96
gradual
صفت
| تدریجی
97
deforestation
اسم
| جنگل زدایی
98
precipitation
رسوب گذاری، بارش
99
bankrupt
صفت
| ورشکسته
100
deficit
اسم
کمبود
the amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too small.
101
pregnant
صفت
حامله، باردار، آبستن
(of a woman or female animal) having a child or young developing in the uterus.
"a pregnant woman"
synonyms: expecting a baby, expectant, carrying a child, expecting
102
belittle
فعل
| کسی را کوچک‌کردن، تحقیر کردن، کم ارزش کردن
103
nosy
صفت
| فضول
104
frightened
صفت
وحشت زده، سراسیمه
scared
105
threat
اسم
تهدید، ترعیب
members of her family have received death threats"
106
refuse
فعل
| نپذیرفتن، رد کردن
107
unfit
صفت
| نامناسب
108
custody
اسم
سرپرستی، قیومیت
the divorce court awarded the custody of both children to their mother
109
better off
بهتر از
110
uneasy
صفت
| not ok
111
terrific
صفت
فوق العاده
very good
112
we started each other again
هیچی😂😂😂
113
betray
فعل
خیانت کردن
cheat
114
bow(n,v)
تعظیم، تعظیم کردن
115
budge
تکان جزئی خوردن، جم خوردن
| make or cause to make the slightest movement
116
confront
فعل
| روبرو شدن، مواجه شدن، مقابله کردن
117
sophisticated
صفت
پیچیده
complex
118
serial
پیاپی، one by one
119
worldly
صفت
| دنیوی، مادی
120
entitled
صفت
| محق
121
awkward
صفت
| بی دست و پا، ناشی
122
get past it
accept it
123
grown-up
an adult(especially a child’s word)
124
pleaser
صفت
| خیرخواه
125
give up
quit, leave
126
keep on
ادامه دادن
127
scale up laughing
smile لبخند
laugh خندیدن
giggle deep kind of laughing
هیچی😂😂😂
128
warmth
اسم
| گرما، حرارت
129
falling apart
جدا افتادن، دور افتادن
130
trait
صفت، ویژگی، خصیصه
behavior
personality traits
131
adventurous
صفت
ماجراجو
I love try new, exciting activities
132
ambitious
صفت
بلند پرواز، جاه طلب
I set high goals for myself
133
careful
دقیق، محتاط
| I do things slowly and with attention to detail
134
curious
کنجکاو
| I’m interested in learning about people and things around me
135
easygoing
صفت
| I am relaxed, and I don’t worry about little things
136
optimistic
صفت
خوش بین
I look on the bright side of things
137
outgoing
صفت
برونگرا
I’m friendly and I like people
138
stubborn
صفت
خیره، سمج، لجوج
I don’t like to change my mind
139
so so = pich of salt
تا حدودی
140
Adverbs modifying adjectives and verbs
قیدی که اصلاح می کند صفت را قبل از صفت می آید
you’re pretty ambitious
you’re extremely curious and outgoing
قیدی که اصلاح می کند فعل را بعد از فعل یا بعد از فعل + مفعول می آید
you don’t work well without direction
Try not to make decisions quickly
هیچی😂😂😂
141
frank
صفت
| صریح، رک، بی پرده
142
```
Interactions
Opinions
Giving an opinion
in my opinion,....
if you ask me,.....
maybe it’s just me, but I think....
```
asking for agreement
don’t you agree?
don’t you think so?
don’t you think that’s true?
هیچی😂😂😂
143
proverb
اسم
| ضرب المثل
144
agreeable
```
صفت
دوست داشتنی، دلپذیر
friendly and pleasing
متضاد
stubborn
```
145
considerate
صفت
با ملاحظه
thinking of the needs of others
متضاد با selfish
146
decisive
صفت
قاطع
making decisions quickly
147
fair
صفت
منصف
treating people equally or right
148
honest
صفت
صادق
truthful
149
mature
صفت
بالغ
behaving in a responsible way
150
patient(n,adj)
بیمار، مریض، صبور، شکیبا
| waiting without getting annoyed
151
reliable
صفت
قابل اعتماد
doing what is expected or promised
152
```
صفتای قبل با پیشوندای dis، im، in، un منفی می شوند
disagreeable
dishonest
immature
impatient
inconsiderate
indecisive
unfair
unreliable
```
هیچی😂😂😂
153
put yourself in her shoes
think you are her
154
```
Grammar
present perfect
has or have + P.P
1) experience
2) unsure or unimportant time
have never = haven’t ever
since for starting time
for for period of time
```
```
how long have you been friends?
we’ve been friends for six years
we’ve been friends since middle school
she’s been upset for several days
I haven’t spoken to her since last weekend
```
155
```
for
ten minutes
two hours
several days
a month
six years
a long time
quite a while
```
```
since
3:00
last night
monday
october
2009
high school
I was a kid
```
156
arrogant
صفت
متکبر، مغرور
selfish person
157
insult(n,v)
توهین، توهین کردن به
a disrespectful or scornfully abusive remark or action.
"he hurled insults at us"
158
irritable
تحریک پذیر، زودرنج، حساس، کج خلق
sensitive
having or showing a tendency to be easily annoyed or made angry.
"she was tired and irritable"
159
criticise
فعل
| انتقاد کردن، نقد کردن ادبی، عیب جویی کردن
160
stingy
صفت
| خسیس
161
lavish
صفت
| سخاوتمند، ولخرج
162
cheat(n,v)
فریب، فریب دادن، گول زدن
163
humble
صفت
خاضع، فروتن
considerate
164
e-waste
زباله های الکترونیکی
165
hybrid car
خودروی هیبریدی
166
impact(n,v)
ضربه، با شدت اصابت کردن و
have a strong effect on someone or something.
"high interest rates have impacted on retail spending"
167
organic food
غذای اورگانیک
168
pollution
آلودگی، ناپاکی
169
solar energy
انرژی خورشیدی
170
global warming
گرم شدن کره زمین
171
nuclear energy
انرژی هسته ای
172
plastic bag
کیسه پلاستیکی
173
recycling bin
بازیافت زباله
174
wind farm
an area of land with a group of energy-producing windmills or wind turbines
175
buy local food
خرید غذاهای محلی
176
faucet
اسم
| شیر آب
177
fix leaky faucets
درست کردن نشتی شیرهای آب
178
grow your own food
غذای خود را درست کن
179
pay bills online
هیچی😂😂😂😂
180
take public transportation
هیچی😂😂😂
181
clothesline
طناب رخت شویی
182
use a clothesline
هیچی😂😂😂
183
use rechargeable batteries
از باتری های قابل شارژ استفاده کن
184
cloth shopping bag
کیسه خرید پارچه ای
185
pessimistic
صفت
متضاد optimistic
بدبین
186
flourescent
صفت
| فلورسنت
187
lightbulb
لامپ
188
toothbrush
مسواک
189
reusable
صفت
| قابل استفاده مجدد
190
junior
تازه، جدید
191
```
grammar
Quantifiers
quantifiers with count nouns
we need more wind farms
there aren’t enough recycling bins
there are too many bottles in landfills
people should buy fewer plastic bottles
```
```
quantifiers with noncount nouns
you save more money with CFLs
people don’t buy enough organic food
regular lightbulbs use too much energy
people should try to use less plastic
```
هیچی😂😂😂
192
landfill
محل دفن زباله
193
compound(n,adj,v)
ترکیب، چند جزئی، ترکیب کردن
| compound nouns
194
flourescent
صفت
| فلورسنت
195
lightbulb
لامپ
196
toothbrush
مسواک
197
reusable
صفت
| قابل استفاده مجدد
198
junior
تازه، جدید
199
```
grammar
Quantifiers
quantifiers with count nouns
we need more wind farms
there aren’t enough recycling bins
there are too many bottles in landfills
people should buy fewer plastic bottles
```
```
quantifiers with noncount nouns
you save more money with CFLs
people don’t buy enough organic food
regular lightbulbs use too much energy
people should try to use less plastic
```
هیچی😂😂😂
200
landfill
محل دفن زباله
201
compound(n,adj,v)
ترکیب، چند جزئی، ترکیب کردن
| compound nouns
