D: Plant Reproduction

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Reproduction which does not involve the fusing of gametes. Results in genetically identical offspring.

Question 2

Tubers

Answer 2

Enlarged underground plant stems which store food.

Question 3

Anther

Answer 3

Pollen-bearing structure in the stamen (male organ) of the flower usually located on top of the filament of the stamen.

Question 4

Carpel

Answer 4

One of the female reproductive organs of the flower, i.e. a unit of the gynoecium, comprising an ovary (containing 1 to many ovules borne on a placenta) and with a usually terminal style tipped by the stigma.

Question 5

Cutting

Answer 5

A part (stem, leaf, or root) that is removed from a plant and is capable of developing into a new plant through rooting or grafting.

Question 6

Flower

Answer 6

The reproductive structure of angiosperm plants. It consists generally of sepals, petals, and stamens and/or carpels. It is basically a highly modified leafy shoot.

Question 7

Germination

Answer 7

The beginning of growth of a seed, spore, or other structure (e.g. pollen), usually following a period of dormancy, and generally in response to the return of favourable external conditions, most notably warmth, moisture, and oxygen. The internal biochemical status of the seed or spore must also be appropriate. In seeds, germination may be epigeal, with cotyledons emerging above the ground, or hypogeal, with the cotyledons staying below ground.

Question 8

Ovule

Answer 8

the structure found in seed plants that develops into a seed after the fertilization of an egg cell within it.

Question 9

Petal

Answer 9

In a flower, one of the inner floral leaves, usually brightly coloured, and borne in a tight spiral, or whorled. See also corolla.

Question 10

Pollen

Answer 10

Collectively, the mass of microspores or pollen grains produced within the anthers of a flowering plant (angiosperm) or the male cones of a gymnosperm.

Question 11

Pollination

Answer 11

The transfer of pollen from an anther (the male reproductive organ) to a stigma (the receptive part of the female reproductive organ), either of the same flower (self-pollination) or of a different flower of the same species ( cross-pollination). Cross-pollination involves the action of a pollinating agent to effect transfer of the pollen (see anemophily; entomophily; hydrophily).

Question 12

Runner

Answer 12

A stem that grows horizontally along the soil surface and gives rise to new plants either from axillary or terminal buds. Runners are seen in the creeping buttercup and the strawberry. Offsets, e.g. those of the houseleek, are short runners.

Question 13

Seed

Answer 13

A mature ovule containing an embryo in an arrested state of development, generally with a food reserve. See kernel.

Question 14

Stamen

Answer 14

The male organ of a flower, comprising a stalk (the filament) and the anther which is commonly 2-lobed, the lobes united by the connective.

Question 15

Stigma

Answer 15

The part of the female reproductive organs on which pollen grains germinate. See carpel.

Question 16

Style

Answer 16

An extension of the carpel which supports the stigma.