K: Coordination & Response

Question 1

Addictive

Answer 1

A substance on which a person can become physically dependent

Question 2

ADH

Answer 2

Anti-Diuretic Hormone

Question 3

Adrenaline

Answer 3

A hormone that is secreted when a person is stressed - it increases the heart and pulse rate and blood pressure

Question 4

Central nervous system

Answer 4

The brain and the spinal chord

Question 5

CNS

Answer 5

Central Nervous System (brain and spinal chord)

Question 6

Coma

Answer 6

A state of deep unconsciousness in which a person does not respond to any external stimuli

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

Branch-like extensions of neurone of nerve cell which receive impulses from other neurons

Question 8

Dependency

Answer 8

State of being mentally or physically reliant on something, especially a drug

Question 9

Diabetes

Answer 9

A serious disease in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar

Question 10

Effector

Answer 10

Organ which produces the eventual effect in response to a stimulus (e.g. muscles or glands)

Question 11

Endocrine gland

Answer 11

One of the glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 12

Endocrine system

Answer 12

Bodily system of glands which produce and secrete hormones into the bloodsystem

Question 13

Feedback loop

Answer 13

Bodily system in which the effect of a hormone’s action or lack of action is fed back into the system, turning production of the hormone off or on

Question 14

Hormone

Answer 14

Chemical messengers produced in glands and carried by the blood to specific organs in the body

Question 15

Hyperglycaemia

Answer 15

Greek for ‘too much sugar in the blood’

Question 16

Hypoglycaemia

Answer 16

Greek for ‘too little sugar in the blood’

Question 17

Innate behaviour

Answer 17

The automatic response produced by reflex arcs - for example knee jerk reflex, withdrawal reflex, blinking, salivating

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

A hormone which regulates the level of sugar in the blood. It is produced in the Islets of Langerhans, in the Pancreas.

Question 19

Learnt behaviour

Answer 19

Complex behaviour which is acquired through experience. We don’t all respond in the same way to a specific stimulus - for example some people don’t eat chocolate cake because they have learnt that it makes them ill, even though they like the taste.

Question 20

Motor

Answer 20

Motor neurones carry messages out of the CNS to effector organs.

Question 21

Neurone

Answer 21

A nerve cell. It carries an electrical message or impulse when it is stimulates.

Question 22

Pancreas

Answer 22

Large gland located in the abdomen near the stomach which produces digestive enzymes and the hormone insulin

Question 23

Receptor

Answer 23

Organ which recognises and responds to stimuli

Question 24

Reflex action

Answer 24

An involuntary reaction that happens rapidly in response to a stimuli e.g. moving your hand from a flame

Question 25

Reflex arc

Answer 25

A nerve pathway which produces an automatic response

Question 26

Refracted

Answer 26

Deflected from a straight path; bent

Question 27

Relay neurones

Answer 27

These nerve cells carry messages around the CNS

Question 28

Response

Answer 28

Reaction to a stimulus; the effect produced by an effector organ - for example you salivate when you taste something.

Question 29

Retina

Answer 29

The inside layer in the eye that is responsive to light

Question 30

Sense organ

Answer 30

Organ which receives and responds to a stimulus - for example, the eye, ear, taste buds, skin, nose

Question 31

Sensory

Answer 31

Sensory neurones carry messages from sense organs into the CNS

Question 32

Stereoscopic vision

Answer 32

Having two eyes side-by-side, each delivering a s lightly different view to the brain. It enables humans to judge distance, depth and speed.

Question 33

Stimuli

Answer 33

Things that set off a reaction in the nervous system - for example, light, heat, sound, gravity, smell, taste, or temperature. The singular is stimulus.

Question 34

Synapse

Answer 34

The gap between two neurones across which nerve signals must jump.

Question 35

Target organs

Answer 35

The organs which hormones take effect upon

Question 36

Thermoregulation

Answer 36

The process of keeping a constant body temperature

Question 37

Tropism

Answer 37

Growth or movement towards or away from a stimulus such as light, gravity or moisture.

Question 38

Vasoconstriction

Answer 38

Narrowing the blood vessels

Question 39

Vasodilation

Answer 39

Widening of the blood vessels

Question 40

Voluntary action

Answer 40

An action which is not forced or a reflex