D"s Flashcards
(27 cards)
Day-care centers for older adults
Centers that provide activities determined by the needs of the group.
DDT
A chlorinated hydrocarbon, synthetic insecticide (now banned) that chemically breaks down and lasts in the soil for decades.
De facto discrimination
Discrimination that actually exists, whether legal or not; this type of discrimination often results from powerful informal norms that are discriminatory.
Death with Dignity Act
An act passed by Oregon voters in 1994 that allows doctors to prescribe lethal drugs at the request of terminally ill patients who have less than 6 months to live- doctors may only prescribe a legal dose, not administer it.
Defense of Marriage Act
Act act passed in 1996 that allows states to refuse to recognize gay marriages performed in other states and prevents one partner in a homosexual relationship from claiming benefits in the event of the other’s death or disability; the act allows states to pass laws against same-sex marriages but does not oblige them to do so.
Deinstitutionalization
A movement that resulted when mental health practioners realized that mental hospitals, instead of “curing” the disturbed, were frequently perpetuating disturbed behavior via long-term hospitalization. It is the process of moving people who are dependent for their physical and mental care from residential care facilities into the community.
Democratic management
Management of this type systematically allows employee groups to make a number of major decisions.
Demonology
A theory that asserts that tose who engage in deviant behavior are possess by the devil.
Dependency ratio
THe number of societal members who are under 18 or are 65 and over, compared with the number of people who are between 18 and 64.
Developmental disability
A broad term tat includes cognitive disabilities and a variety of other conditions that occur before age 22 and hinder development (epilepsy, infantile autism, cerebral palsey, and some cases of dyslexia).
Developmental view
A process of planned social welfare change designed to promote the well-being of the population as a whole in conjunction with a dynamic process of economic development.
Deviant subcultures theory
Asserts that some groups develop their own atittudes, values, and perspectives that support criminal activity.
Devitalized relationship
A marriage in which the husband and wife lack excitement or any real interest in each other or their marriage.
Devolution revolution
Decisions about the provision of key social welfare programs are being transferred from the federal government to the state level.
DIdanosine (DDI)
A treatment for adults and children with advanced AIDS who cannot tolerate or are not helped by AZT.
Differential association theory
Criminal behavior is the result of a learning process that primarily occurs in small, intimate groups.
Discharge planning
Social workers helping clients and their families prepare for returning to the home or to some other facility.
Discrimination
Discrimination has two very different meaings; it may have the positive meaning of the power of making fine distinctions between two or more ideas, objects, situations, or stimuli- however, in minority-group relations it is the unfair treatment of a person, racial group, or minority; it is an action based on prejudice.
Disengagement
A process whereby people respond to aging by gradually withdrawing from the various roles and social relationships they occupied in middle age.
Distal stimulation
A type of infant stimulation that involves looking and talking.
Diversion programs
Programs developed to divert first time or minor offenders from entering the criminal justice system; as an alternative, they receive services from community agencies.
Double bind
A psychological dilemma in which the receiver of a message gets conflicting interpersonal communications from the sender or faces disparagement no matter what her or his response to a situation is.
Doubling time
The rate at which the population doubles in the world; is based on the extent to which the birthrate exceeds the death rate.
Down syndome
Children and adults generally experience a moderate to severe level of cognitive disability, their eyes are almond shaped and slanted, and they tend to have a round face.
