D - Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the epiphysis?

Answer 1

End of a bone

Question 2

What is the diaphysis?

Answer 2

Shaft of the bone

Question 3

What is the articular cartilage?

Answer 3

Cartilage surrounding end of the bone

Question 4

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 4

Protects the bone from wear and tear
Allows for friction free movement

Question 5

What is the periosteum?

Answer 5

Thin film covering bone, and has nerves and blood vessels that feed the bone

Question 6

What is compact bone?

Answer 6

Dense bone in shaft (Crunchie)

Question 7

What is compact bone resistant to?

Answer 7

Resistant to bending

Question 8

What is cancellous bone?

Answer 8

More open texture bone found in epiphysis (Areo)

Question 9

What does the cancellous bone provide?

Answer 9

Provides elastic strength

Question 10

What is the medullary cavity?

Answer 10

A cavity in the bone that contains bone marrow

Question 11

What are the types of bone marrow, and what do they provide?

Answer 11

Red bone marrow
- Produces red blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
-Stores fat

Question 12

What is the growth plate?

Answer 12

The site of bone growth

Question 13

What are the 3 main bone minerals?

Answer 13

Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium

Question 14

What is a notch?

Answer 14

A deep indentation in the bone

Question 15

What is a fossa?

Answer 15

A shallow dip in the bone

Question 16

What is a condoyle?

Answer 16

Round prominence at the end of the bone

Question 17

What is a border?

Answer 17

The edge of a bone

Question 18

What is a process?

Answer 18

Part of a bone that projects out from the main body of the bone

Question 19

What is a tuberosity?

Answer 19

A projection of bone used for muscle or tendon attachment

Question 20

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 20

Cells that build bone

Question 21

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 21

Cells that clear away old bone

Question 22

Bullet point the process of bone ossification

Answer 22

-Osteoclasts destroy areas of older bone, and the tissue is then reabsorbed into the body
-The osteoclasts activity triggers osteoblasts to lay down collagen and minerals in the area that was destroyed
-The osteoblasts turn into osteoclytes, and form new bone

Question 23

Name 3 sources of calcium

Answer 23

Dairy foods, dark leafy green vegetables, beans/pulses

Question 24

Name 3 sources of phosphorus

Answer 24

Nuts, seeds, oats

Question 25

Name 3 sources of vitamin D

Answer 25

Oily fish, liver, eggs

Question 26

How many bones does an adult skeleton have?

Answer 26

206

Question 27

How many bones does a babies skeleton have?

Answer 27

About 300

Question 28

Name the 5 sections of the vertabrae

Answer 28

- Cervical -Thoracic -Lumbar -Sacrum -Coccyx

Question 29

What are the top 2 vertebrae called?

Answer 29

Atlas and Axis

Question 30

What are the pads of cartilage called in between each vertebrae?

Answer 30

Intervertebral discs

Question 31

What is the function of intervertebral discs?

Answer 31

They act as shock absorbers to protect the vertebrae from impact

Question 32

How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 32

7

Question 33

How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 33

12

Question 34

How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 34

5

Question 35

How many bones are in the sacrum vertebrae?

Answer 35

5

Question 36

How many bones are in the coccyx vertebrae?

Answer 36

4

Question 37

What parts of the skeleton make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 37

Skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

Question 38

What parts of the skeleton make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 38

Shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

Question 39

What are the 5 types of bone?

Answer 39

-Long -Short -Irregular -Flat -Sesamoid

Question 40

What is the function of long bones?

Answer 40

Main function is to act as a lever

Question 41

What is the function of short bones?

Answer 41

Designed for strength and weight bearing

Question 42

What is the function of flat bones?

Answer 42

Protection for internal organs

Question 43

What is the function of irregular bones?

Answer 43

Variety of functions, including protection and muscle attachment

Question 44

What is the function of sesamoid bones?

Answer 44

Ease joint movement and resist friction/compression

Question 45

What are ligaments made of?

Answer 45

Tough, white fibres which are inelastic

Question 46

Ligaments have poor blood supply. What 2 things does this cause?

Answer 46

-Whiteness in colour -Increased time to heal if damaged

Question 47

What is the function of ligaments?

Answer 47

Attach bone to bone, whilst stabalising the joint

Question 48

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

Answer 48

-Fibrous -Cartilaginous -Synovial

Question 49

State an example of a fibrous joint

Answer 49

Between the plates in the cranium

Question 50

State an example of a cartilaginous joint

Answer 50

Between the vertabrae

Question 51

State an example of a synovial joint

Answer 51

Elbow

Question 52

Name the 6 types of synovial joint

Answer 52

-Hinge -Ball + Socket -Pivot -Condyloid -Saddle -Gliding

Question 53

Give an example of a hinge joint

Answer 53

Knee

Question 54

Give an example of a ball + socket joint

Answer 54

Shoulder

Question 55

Give an example of a pivot joint

Answer 55

Neck

Question 56

Give an example of a condyloid joint

Answer 56

Wrist

Question 57

Give an example of a saddle joint

Answer 57

Base of thumb

Question 58

Give an example of a gliding joint

Answer 58

Between carpals

Question 59

What is the function of a joint capsule?

Answer 59

Keeps the contents in place

Question 60

What is the function of a synovial membrane?

Answer 60

Releases synovial fluid

Question 61

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 61

Thick oil-like solution; lubricates the joint and allows free movement

Question 62

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 62

Prevents wear and tear to the ends of bone

Question 63

What is the function of a bursa?

Answer 63

Fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction free movement

Question 64

What is the function of a tendon?

Answer 64

Connects muscle to bone

Question 65

Name the 6 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 65

1) Provides a supporting framework for the body 2) Offers protection of organs 3) Attachment for skeletal muscle 4) Source of blood cell production 5) Storage of minerals 6) Movement

Question 66

Supporting framework for the body: Gives the body its distinctive _____ and _________ to attach _______ and other ____ ______

Answer 66

Supporting framework for the body: Gives the body its distinctive shape and framework to attach muscles and other soft tissue

Question 67

Protection of organs: Bones _______ and _______ the vital ______, e.g. ______ > reproductive organs, and vertebrae > ______ ____

Answer 67

Protection of organs: Bones support and protect the vital organs, e.g. pelvis > reproductive organs, and vertebrae > spinal cord

Question 68

Attachment for skeletal muscle: Bones provide ________ for the __________ of tendons and ligaments

Answer 68

Attachment for skeletal muscle: Bones provide surfaces for the attachment of tendons and ligaments

Question 69

Source of blood cell production: Certain bones contain ___ ____ ______. These produce ___ _____ _____ and _________

Answer 69

Source of blood cell production: Certain bones contain red bone marrow. These produce red blood cells and platelets

Question 70

Storage of minerals: The bones themselves are made of minerals within a _________ ______, storing _______, __________ and ________

Answer 70

Storage of minerals: The bones themselves are made of minerals within a cartilage matrix, storing calcium, phosphorus and magnesium

Question 71

Movement: Bones act as _______, forming ______ and allowing ________ to ____ on them to ______ movement

Answer 71

Movement: Bones act as levers, forming joints and allowing muscles to pull on them to create movement