E - Muscular System Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
A
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
2
Q
Where is cardiac muscle tissue found?
A
Only in the heart
3
Q
What is the alternate name for cardiac muscle?
A
Myocardium
4
Q
Does cardiac muscle have voluntary or involuntary control?
A
Involuntary control
5
Q
How many times does cardiac tissue contract per minute?
A
60-80BPM
6
Q
How is skeletal muscle attached to bones?
A
Tendons
7
Q
Does skeletal muscle have voluntary or involuntary control?
A
Voluntary
8
Q
What is skeletal muscle also known as?
A
Striated muscle
9
Q
How many skeletal muscles are there?
A
Over 700
10
Q
What % of total body weight is made up of skeletal muscle?
A
40%
11
Q
What 4 things are skeletal muscles responsible for?
A
Movement, posture, heat, energy storage
12
Q
What is smooth muscle also known as?
A
Visceral
13
Q
Does smooth muscle have voluntary or involuntary control?
A
Involuntary
14
Q
Where is smooth muscle found?
A
Arteries, pupils, digestive system
15
Q
What is peristalis?
A
The involuntary muscle movement that moves food through your gastrointestinal tract
16
Q
What are the 3 types of muscle fibres?
A
Type I, Type IIa, type IIx
17
Q
What are type I fibres AKA?
A
Slow twitch/Slow oxidative
18
Q
What are type IIa fibres AKA?
A
Fast twich/Fast oxidative glycolytic
19
Q
What are type IIx fibres AKA?
A
Fast twitch/Fast glycolytic
20
Q
What is type I speed of contraction?
A
Slow (110)
21
Q
What is type IIa speed of contraction?
A
Fast (50)
22
Q
What is type IIx speed of contraction?
A
Fast (50)
23
Q
What is type I force of contraction?
A
Low
24
Q
What is type IIa force of contraction?
A
HIgh
25
What is type IIx force of contraction?
High
26
What is the size of type I fibres?
Smaller
27
What is the size of type IIa fibres?
Large
28
What is the size of IIx fibres?
Large
29
Do type I fibres have a lot of mitochondria?
Yes - High density
30
Do type IIa fibres have a lot of mitochondria?
No - lower than type I
31
Do type IIx have a lot of mitochondria?
No - lower than type I
32
Do type I fibres have a lot of myoglobin?
Yes - High density
33
Do type IIa fibres have a lot of myoglobin?
No - lower than type I
34
Do type IIx fibres have a lot of myoglobin?
No - Lower than type I
35
What is type I fibres rate of fatigue?
Fatigue resistant
36
What is type IIa fibres rate of fatigue?
Less resistant than type I
37
What is type IIx fibres rate of fatigue?
Easily fatigued
38
What is type I fibres capillary density?
High
39
What is type IIa fibres capillary density?
High
40
What is type IIx fibres capillary density?
Low
41
What is type I fibres aerobic capacity?
High
42
What is type IIa fibres aerobic capacity?
Medium
43
What is type IIx fibres aerobic capacity?
Low
44
What is type I fibres anaerobic capacity?
Low
45
What is type IIa fibres anaerobic capacity?
Medium
46
What is type IIx fibres anaerobic capacity?
High
47
What is type I fibres motor neuron size?
Small
48
What is type IIa fibres motor neuron size?
Large
49
What is type IIx fibres motor neuron size?
Large
50
How many fibres/neurons do type I have?
10-180
51
How many fibres/neurons do type IIa have?
300-800
52
How many fibres/neurons do type IIx have?
300-800
53
What is an event best suited for type I fibres?
A marathon
54
What is an event best suited for type IIa fibres?
400m run
55
What is an event best suited for type IIx fibres?
Hammer throw
56
What is myoglobin?
An oxygen-binding protein primarily found in muscles
57
What are the three types of muscle contraction?
Concentric, eccentric, isometric
58
What happens to the length of the muscle during a concentric contraction?
Shortens
59
What happens to the length of the muscle during an eccentric contraction?
Lengthens
60
What happens to the length of the muscle during an isometric contraction?
Stays the same
61
How does the muscle shorten during a concentric contraction?
Ends are pulled closer together (sliding filament theory)
62
How does the muscle lengthen during an eccentric contraction?
They are pulled apart as the resistance becomes greater than the force the muscle is producing
63
When does isometric contraction occur?
When muscle length remains relatively constant as tension is produced
64
What happens to the tension during a concentric contraction?
Tension increases
65
What happens to the tension during an isometric contraction?
There is a build up of tension
66
What effect do concentric contractions have against gravity?
They work against gravity
67
What effect do eccentric contractions have against gravity?
Working (resisting) gravity
68
What effect do isometric contractions have against gravity?
No gravity affected
69
Give an example of a concentric contraction
Upwards phase of a bicep curl
70
Give an example of an eccentric contraction
Lowering phase of a bicep curl
71
Give an example of an isometric contraction
Holding a bicep curl in a static position
72
What does isometric mean?
Same length - muscles do not shorten or lengthen
73
What are the 2 types of isotonic contractions?
Eccentric and concentric
74
What does antagonistic pairing mean?
Muscles working together to create movement - one contracts or shortens, one relaxes or lengthens
75
Name 5 antagonistic pairs
1) Biceps brachii and tricep brachii
2) Hamstrings and quadriceps
3) Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius
4) Erector spinae and rectus abdominis
5) Wrist flexors and wrist extensors
76
A muscle/group of muscles can adopt one of 4 roles - name these 4 roles
1) Agonist
2) Antagonist
3) Synergist
4) Fixator
77
What is an agonist?
The muscle that contracts to produce movement
78
What is an antagonist?
The muscle that does not contract to allow the agonist to contract
79
What is the synergist?
The muscle that assists the agonist
80
What is the fixator?
These muscle fix joints in place and maintain posture to allow the desired movement to take place
81
What are the 3 anatomical planes?
Saggital plane
Frontal plane
Transverse plane
82
What is the saggital plane?
Anterior to posterior
83
What is the frontal plane?
Medial to lateral
84
What is the transverse plane?
Superior to inferior
85
What types of movement occur in the saggital plane?
Flexion and extension
86
What types of movement occur in the frontal plane?
Abduction and adduction
87
What types of movement occur in the transverse plane?
Rotational movements, such as pronation, supination and torso twists
88
Give 3 examples of exercises that occur in the saggital plane
Bicep curls
Knee extensions
Abdominal curls
89
Give 3 examples of exercises that occur in the frontal plane
Star jumps
Cartwheels
Side bends
90
What is flexion?
Decreasing the angle of a joint
91
What is extension?
Increasing the angle of a joint
92
What is hyper-extension?
The joint has been forced to move beyond its normal range of motion
93
What is abduction?
The movement of a body part away from the bodys midline
94
What is adduction?
The movement of a body part towards the bodys midline
95
What is circumduction?
Movement of the limb/hand/fingers in a circular pattern
96
What is rotation?
A circular movement around a fixed joint
97
What is pronation?
TBC
98
What is supination?
TBC
99
