D1 - Ocular Conditions Flashcards by Megan G

Coloboma:

Signs (3)

Irregular key hole shaped pupil

‘Hole’ in lower region of iris

Can be unilateral or bilateral

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Colomoba:

Symptoms (3)

Photophobia

Reduced VA

Loss of field

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Colomoba:

History (1)

Congential

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Colomoba:

Treatment (3)

Cosmetic contact lenses with opaque iris

Large specs to protect orbital area from UV

Photochromatic lenses to provide UV protection in all light conditions

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Colomoba:

Referral

Manage in practice

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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

Signs (3)

Red eyes

Small lumps along lid margin

Sometimes crusty appearance

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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

Symptoms (4)

Discomfort - gritty feeling

Itchy eyes

Blurred vision

Similar to dry eyes

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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

History

Associated with dry eye syndrome and blepharitis

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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

Treatment (3)

Massage lids to promote secretion of oils

Use hot compress or warm eye-pads

Defer contact lens wear

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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

Referral

GP if antibiotics required

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Blepharitis:

Signs (3)

Dandruff of the eyelashes

Inflamed lid margin

Lids appear swollen

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Blepharitis:

Symptoms (2)

Discomfort - sore/itchy

Sticky lids

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Blepharitis:

History (7)

Scalp disorder

Poor health

Poor lid hygiene

Dry eyes

Bacterial or fungal infection

MGD

Parasites

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Blepharitis:

Treatment (3)

Improve lid hygiene

Warm eye pads with wheat germ

Defer contact lens wear

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Blepharitis:

Referral

GP if antibiotics required

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Ectropian:

Signs (3)

Lower lid margin rolls out

Drooping lower lids

Conjunctiva becomes dry & red

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Ectropian:

Symptoms (2)

Dry eye (epiphoria)

Soreness of facial skin

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Ectropian:

History (3)

Possibly trauma

Usually senile

Cause by loss of muscle tone or shrinking of scar tissue

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Ectropian:

Treatment (2)

Surgery

Dispense large frame and side shields

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Ectropian:

Referral

GP - non urgent

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Entropian:

Signs (2)

Lower lid margin rolls in

Inflammation & corneal scarring

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Entropian:

Symptoms (4)

Painful

Lacrimation

Corneal scarring

May lead to reduced VAs

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Entropian:

History (1)

Eyelashes abrading cornea

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Entropian:

Treatment (2)

Removal of eye lashes

Bandage contact lenses

Surgery may be required

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Entropian: Referral

Ptosis: Signs (1)

Drooping upper lids

Ptosis: Symptoms (1)

Poor VA if pupil obscures

Ptosis: History (3)

Paralysis of levator muscle Congential Senile Due to stroke

Ptosis: Treatment (2)

Ptosis prop Surgery

Ptosis: Referral

GP - Non urgent

Stye (Hordeleum Externam): Signs (1)

Inflammation and swelling of lid margin

Stye (Hordeleum Externam): Symptoms (1)

Discomfort

Stye (Hordeleum Externam): History (4)

Blockage or tarsal gland, causing meibomian cyst Bacterial infection of lash follicle Dirty makeup brushes Possible reoccurrence

Stye (Hordeleum Externam): Treatment (2)

Hot compress Eyelash removal

Stye (Hordeleum Externam): Referral

Manage in practice

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst): Signs (1)

Hard swelling which gradually enlarges

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst): Symptoms (2)

No pain Growth may induce pressure causing blurred vision

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst): History ()

Swelling of tarsal gland Can be due to blockage or infection May be associated with blepharitis or other skin conditions

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst): Treatment (2)

May disappear Longstanding requires surgical removal through tarsal conjunctiva

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst): Referral (1)

Non urgent unless abrading the cornea

Xanthalasma: Signs (1)

Flat yellow lumps of fat on lids

Xanthalasma: Symptoms (1)

Cosmetic appearance

Xanthalasma: History (1)

Raised cholesterol Possibly diabetes

Xanthalasma: Treatment (1)

Removal by laser Reduce fat intake

Xanthalasma: Referral (2)

GP - non urgent Attend GP for cholesterol check

Conjunctivitis: Signs (4)

Inflamed conjunctiva Blood shot eye Mucous discharge Often bilateral

Conjunctivitis: Symptoms (3)

Lids sticky in morning Eyes feel gritty and hot Photophobia

Conjunctivitis: History (1)

Possible previous occurrence

Conjunctivitis: Types (3)

Bacterial Viral Allergic

Conjunctivitis: Treatment (4)

Bathe lids Boil towels and pillowcases Antibiotic eye drops may be required Defer contact lens wear

Conjunctivitis: Referral (1)

GP if antibiotics required

Pinguecula: Signs (2)

Raised yellow area on conjunctiva Most common in elderly

Pinguecula: Symptoms (1)

Possible irritation with contact lenses

Pinguecula: History (4)

Exposure to UV Dry and hot climate Hardening of bulbar conjunctiva Degeneration of conjunctiva

Pinguecula: Treatment (1)

Cosmetic appearance

Pinguecula: Referral (1)

GP - non urgent

Pterygium: Signs (3)

Raised triangular growth on conjunctiva Invades epithelium Often bilateral

Pterygium: Symptoms (2)

Possible irritation with contact lenses Reduced VAs

Pterygium: History (4)

Living in hot climate Excessive UV Dusty conditions Possible previous occurrence

Pterygium: Treatment (1)

Surgical removal before pupil invasion

Pterygium: Referral (3)

GP - non urgent

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage: Signs (1)

Burst blood vessel between conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage: Symptoms (2)

Possible discomfort No pain

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage: History (3)

Exertion Possible previous occurrence High blood pressure

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage: Treatment (1)

None

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage: Referral (1)

GP if reoccurring as blood pressure check is required A&E if trauma

Arcus: Signs (1)

Opaque white/grey band at periphery of iris

Arcus: Symptoms (1)

None

Arcus: History (2)

Raised cholesterol Caused by fat deposited in the cornea

Arcus: Treatment (1)

Reduce cholesterol intake

Arcus: Referral (1)

GP for cholesterol check

Epicanthal Folds: Signs (3)

Commonly seen in young children as their nose is not fully developed Usually bilateral Gives appearance of esotropia

Epicanthal Folds: Symptoms (2)

None Kids with condition often brought for sight test

Epicanthal Folds: History (2)

Examination carried out to ensure heterotropia is not present Use a pen torch to check light reflex

Epicanthal Folds: Treatment (1)

Surgery if required

Epicanthal Folds: Referral (3)

GP if surgery required for cosmesis