D1.2.2 Role of hydrogen bonding and complementary base pairing in transcription Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the base pairing rules during transcription?
$A$ (DNA) pairs with $U$ (RNA), $T$ (DNA) pairs with $A$ (RNA), $C$ (DNA) pairs with $G$ (RNA), and $G$ (DNA) pairs with $C$ (RNA).
What is the difference between the template strand and the coding strand?
The template strand is used for transcription, while the coding strand has the same sequence as the RNA (except T is replaced by U).
How does RNA polymerase minimize errors during transcription?
RNA polymerase checks each nucleotide before adding it to the RNA strand.
Why does RNA use uracil instead of thymine?
Uracil is a temporary substitute for thymine, suitable for RNA’s role as a temporary copy.
Why are C-G pairs slightly stronger than A-U pairs?
C-G pairs have three hydrogen bonds, while A-U pairs have two, making them more stable.
Why are hydrogen bonding and complementary base pairing important?
They are essential for transcription, the first step in gene expression.
Which enzyme is responsible for transcription?
RNA polymerase.
What would happen without hydrogen bonding and complementary base pairing?
Cells couldn’t produce the proteins needed for life.
What base pairs with adenine (A) in RNA?
Uracil (U) pairs with adenine (A) in RNA.
If the DNA template strand reads TACG, what will the RNA strand be?
The RNA strand will be AUGC.
What is the role of complementary base pairing in transcription?
Complementary base pairing ensures that the RNA copy faithfully represents the DNA template.
How many hydrogen bonds do A-U and A-T pairs form?
A-U and A-T pairs form two hydrogen bonds.
What ensures that RNA polymerase adds the correct nucleotide?
Hydrogen bonding between complementary bases.
How many hydrogen bonds do C-G pairs form?
C-G pairs form three hydrogen bonds.
