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GCSE WJEC Geography > - Dan's Flashcards > Flashcards

- Dan's Flashcards

1
Q

How does volcanic activity affect climate change?

A
  • Blocks light from reaching surface/being absorbed by greenhouse gases
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2
Q

What is weather?

A

Daily conditions of the atmosphere

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3
Q

What is climate?

A

Average weather over 30 years

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4
Q

How does latitude impact climate?

A
  • 90’ North to 90’ South
  • Concentrated sunlight at Equator, hotter
  • Dispersed sunlight at poles, colder
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5
Q

How does altitude impact climate?

A
  • Rain shadow effect
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6
Q

How does the Gulf Stream impact climate?

A
  • Ocean current from Gulf of Mexico
  • Warms mainly SW UK
  • Mild Winters
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7
Q

Describe the climate of the UK.

A
  • Temperate
  • Seasonal
  • Maritime
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8
Q

What is a depression? What are the features?

A
  • Cyclonic weather
  • Storms, rainy, wet, cloudy, windy, changeable
  • Low pressure, anticlockwise winds
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9
Q

Depression Stage 1

A
  • Cirrus clouds (high)
  • Warm front
  • Cold air
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10
Q

Depression Stage 2

A
  • Low cloud
  • Rain
  • Cold air
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11
Q

Depression Stage 3

A
  • Stratus clouds (high)

- Warm air

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12
Q

Depression Stage 4

A
  • Cumulus clouds (thick, low)
  • Heavy rain
  • Cold air
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13
Q

Depression Stage 5

A
  • Some low cloud
  • Clear sky
  • Cold air
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14
Q

What is the evidence of climate change? (6)

A
  • Changing CO2 levels
  • Ice cores
  • Tree rings
  • Changing migratory patterns
  • Changing sea levels
  • Temperature records
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15
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A
  • Heat enters atmosphere from Sun
  • Some reflected back, some reaches surface of Earth
  • Short-wave radiation absorbed
  • Long-wave radiation reflected
  • Greenhouse gases absorb this + reflect it back
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16
Q

What is an anticyclone?

A
  • High pressure, clockwise winds
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17
Q

What does a summer anticyclone cause?

A
  • Dry
  • Settled
  • Hot
  • Clear skies
  • Calm
  • Possible thunderstorms
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18
Q

What does a winter anticyclone cause?

A
  • Foggy
  • Frosty
  • Cold
  • Calm
  • Settled
  • Clear skies
  • Dry
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19
Q

Summer Polar Maritime

A
  • Cool
  • Wet
  • Heavy showers
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20
Q

Winter Polar Maritime

A
  • Cold
  • Thunder
  • Hail
  • Showers
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21
Q

Summer Arctic

A
  • Cool
  • Wet
  • Heavy showers
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22
Q

Winter Arctic

A
  • Cold
  • Wet
  • Snow
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23
Q

Summer Polar Continental

A
  • Hot
  • Dry
  • Sunny
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24
Q

Winter Polar Continental

A
  • Very cold
  • Dry
  • Snow
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25
Summer Tropical Continental
- Hot - Dry - Sunny
26
Winter Tropical Continental
- Warm - Dry - Sunny
27
Summer Tropical Maritime
- Warm - Cloudy - Rain
28
Winter Tropical Maritime
- Mild - Cloudy - Rain
29
Advantages of Coastal Windfarms
- Generates lots of energy - Offshore windspeeds quicker than onshore - Creates jobs (building+maintenance) - Don't use water/emit gases
30
Disadvantages of Coastal Windfarms
- Difficult to build/maintain - Very expensive - Easily damaged by storms
31
Impacts of Swansea Tidal Lagoon
- Boost leisure + tourism - Disrupt fish migration - Sand dredging + silting issues
32
Farming (Grazing + Fertilising) - Effects on Sand Dunes
- Manure/fertiliser adds nutrients - Animals eat vegetation - Insecticides/pesticides kill species - More stable, more organic matter, succession slowed
33
Drainage - Effects on Sand Dunes
- Lowered water table, fewer slacks - Food limited in complexy - Water polluted - Succession limited, stabilisation improved
34
Recreation (Walking + Golf) - Effects on Sand Dunes
- Erosion of topsoil - Short grass for golf - Water used for maintaining greens - Lack of nutrients, little decomposition
35
Dredging - Effects on Sand Dunes
- Restricted supply of sand | - Limited succession, more likely stabilisation
36
Name the 3 types of mobile dune.
- Embryo - Fore - Yellow
37
What is dredging?
When ships collect sand from the sea bed
38
What are fixed dunes?
- Grey dunes - Most stable - Most vegetation (in slacks), darker sand - Heath/Woodland begins after
39
What is a core zone?
- Protected area for biodiversity
40
What is a buffer zone?
- Around Core | - Mostly wild land/agroforestry
41
What is a corridor zone?
- Between zones | - Allows animal movement
42
What is a multi-use zone?
- For human use | - Building, logging etc.
43
Lake Chad - Shrinking
- Over-abstraction + overgrazing - Deforestation - Intensive farming (onions, tomatoes)
44
Lake Chad - Impacts
- Spread of disease - Salinisation (harmful minerals deposited) - Drying of wetlands - Fewer fish, declined income for fishermen - Poverty (+extremist support) increased
45
Lake Chad - Transaqua Project
- Transfer water from DRC (100bm3 per year) | - Create jobs + water security
46
Great Green Wall - Effects
- Reduce desertification/soil erosion - Increase biodiversity - Provides shade for crops - Agroforestry for locals, medicinal plants - Increased fodder/wood availability
47
What is a tariff?
A tax on imports
48
What is a trade bloc?
Trading partnerships between countries
49
What is a quota?
Restrictions on number of imports
50
What is a subsidy?
Payments to farmers to lower consumer prices
51
Tourism - Impacts
- Employment (unskilled, low-paid, long hours, seasonal) - Wealth gap increases - Sea gypsies (local people) displaced - Turtle (+ local species) harm - Workers separated from families, send money - Coral reefs destroyed by divers/boats - Pressure on services, more traffic/infrastructure - Temples removed/vandalised, crime rate increased
52
NGO Projects - Oxfam
- Secure gender equality in India - Promote rights of vulnerable girls to education - Improve awareness of HIV/AIDS
53
NGO Projects - WaterAid
- Provides access to water + sanitation - 240000 gained - Kalmandhai 100% sanitised slum
54
NGO Projects - TrickleUp
- Help women reach economic self-sufficiency - 66% of participants diversified income - 50% used profits to invest in housing
55
Fair Trade
- Stable payment to farmers - Investing in own business - Communities helped by profit-funded projects - Education (Pest-control training + Cocoa weighers/recorders)
56
Regional Inequality - New Delhi
- English-speaking, highly-skilled workforce | - Attracts MNC investment (Honda, Yamaha)
57
Regional Inequality - Kolkata
- Rapid economic growth since 2000 | - IT and cars
58
Regional Inequality - Mumbai
- Film industry generates wealth | - Financial, chemical, food industry jobs
59
Regional Inequality - Chennai
- 30%of automotive industry in South
60
Regional Inequality - Bangalore
- Largest exporters of software (+ Chennai)
61
Regional Inequality - Impacts
- Brain Drain ( rural-urban migration) - Growth in homelessness/overcrowding - MNC investment - Rise of Naxism in West Bengal - Less developed areas - Disillusionment in youths
62
Changing Birth Rates - Rising in Malawi
- Culture of having many children - Lack of contraception/family planning - Child labour
63
Changing Birth Rates - Falling in India
- Children are expensive to raise - Women have careers, delaying marriage/children - Government birth control (sterilisation/planning) - Education
64
Changing Death Rates - Rising in Malawi
- Dirty water leads to cholera/diarrhoea - Droughts lead to less water/crop failure - HIV/AIDS/Malaria epidemics - Civil War, malnourishment, child labour - Poor healthcare, many people per doctor
65
Changing Death Rates - Falling in India
- Good healthcare, few people per doctor - Better education, lower infant mortality rates - Vaccinations + care for the elderly - People have enough to eat, less dangerous work
66
Child Labour
- Children in poverty work for extra money - Making carpets/clothing, recycling, vending, farming - School fees too expensive, education undervalued - Dangerous jobs -> rising death rate - ILO advises government on working policies - Improve education access + social security
67
Girl's Education
- Survive longer, empowerment, awareness - Domestic role/marry early -> pointless - Poverty -> expensive school fees/child labour
68
Girl's Education - UNICEF
- Changing attitudes, improving quality | - Creating transitional schools
69
Girl's Education - IKEA
- Good brand image - Sweden has high level of equality - Want to help others

GCSE WJEC Geography (5 decks)

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