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Tutorial; History of Psych > Danny Exam > Flashcards

Danny Exam Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

5 pillars of psychology

A
  1. biological
  2. cognitive
  3. developmental
  4. social + personality
  5. mental health
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2
Q

talk therapy inventor

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

free association inventor

A

Sigmund Freud

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4
Q

founder of behaviourism

A

John B Watson
- little Albert experiment
- consciousness is irrelevant!

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5
Q

Gestalt psychology
- creators
- what is it

A
  • Max Wertheimer + Kohler + Kafka
  • theory of perception
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6
Q

stages in research

A
  1. development + operationalisation
  2. instrumentation
  3. data collection
  4. data analysis
  5. communication of results
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7
Q

sample

A

representative group of a population

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8
Q

random sampling

A

everyone in population has equal probability of being chosen

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9
Q

cluster sampling

A

choose specific no. of prisons around the world and take participants from them (geographical cluster)

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10
Q

systematic sampling

A

every 3rd person

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11
Q

stratified random sampling

A

divide population into homogeneous group then select from them

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12
Q

probability sampling 4 ways

A
  1. random sampling
  2. systematic sample
  3. stratified
  4. cluster
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13
Q

face validity

A

does the test appear to test what it aims for?

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14
Q

construct validity

A

does it test theoretical constructs?

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15
Q

concurrent validity

A

does test relate to existing measure?

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16
Q

predictive validity

A

does test predict later performance?

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17
Q

external validity

A

how applicable is test to real world

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18
Q

internal validity

A

how well was test conducted

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19
Q

ecological value

A

how generalisable results are to real life

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20
Q

mental illness

A

condition that has negative effect on a way individual
1. thinks
2. feels
3. behaves

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21
Q

2 different trauma/stress related disorders

A
  1. acute stress disorder
  2. PTSD
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22
Q

acute stress disorder when does it begin

A

right after traumatic event to (3 days - 1 month)

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23
Q

symptoms of acute stress disorder
+ How many do we need to diagnose

A

9 symptoms
irritability, anxiety, increased arousal, emotional numbness, panic attacks, insomnia, depression

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24
Q

PTSD when does it begin

A
  • 1 month after or within 6 month of trauma
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25
common causes of PTSD
1. war 2. sexual assault 3. disasters (natural + man-made)
26
4 symptoms of PTSD
1. intrusion 2. avoidance 3. cognitive + mood changes 4. arousal changes
27
schizophrenia common symptoms
1. psychotic symptoms (negative) 2. cognitive dysfunctions
28
psychotic symptoms examples
1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. disorganised speech 4. weird behaviour (catatonia)
29
negative symptoms definition
lack of normal emotions + behaviour
30
what is brief psychotic disorder
1 psychotic symptom for less than a month
31
delusional disorder defintion
delusions without any other symptoms of psychosis
32
non bizarre delusions
realistic situation (spouse is cheating)
33
bizarre delusions
implausible situation (someone removed my organs)
34
types of delusional disorders
1. erotomanic = star is in love w me 2. grandiose = I'm Jesus 3. jealous = my wife is cheating 4. persecutory = the FBI is after me 5. somatic = I have stage 4 cancer 6. mixed = a couple of the above 7. unspecified
35
schizoaffective disorder definiton
psychosis + negative mood symptoms
36
schizophrenia characteristics + how long does it have to last
symptoms for more than 6 months 1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. psychosis 4. disorganised speech 5. restricted range of emotions 6. cognitive deficits 7. social dysfunction
37
when does schizophrenia start
adolescence/ early adulthood
38
symptom categories of schizophrenia
1. positive (hallucinations + delusions) 2. negative (reduction of normal functions) 3. disorganised 4. cognitive
39
schizophreniform disorder defintion
same characteristics as schizo but under 6 months (+ more than 1 month)
40
shared psychosis
you acquire delusion from person you're close with
41
substance-induced psychotic disorder
hallucination/delusions from medication or going off medication
42
OCD defintion
recurring intrusive thoughts patients feel driven to do to lessen anxiety
43
steps of OCD
intrusive thoughts - distress -- compulsion -- relief
44
personality disorders defintion
thinking, feeling, behaving that deviate from cultural expectations
45
Personality disorder cluster a
odd thinking + eccentric behaviour 1. paranoid personality disorder 2. schizoid personality disorder 3. schizotypal personality disorder
46
personality disorder cluster B
dramatic + erratic behaviour 1. antisocial 2. borderline 3. histrionic 4. narcissistic
47
personality disorder cluster C
severe anxiety + fear 1. avoidant 2. dependent 3. obsessive-compulsive
48
OCPD characteristics
1. may not be aware of disorder 2. motive = perfection + control 3. symptoms consistent over time
49
OCD different to OCPD
- OCD motive is to stop anxiety (not to be perfect) - OCD people are aware - symptoms can fluctuate
50
Spearman's psychometric approach to intellligence
intelligence (general factor = g factor) + specific factor = s factor
51
Cattell's 2 intelligences
1. fluid intelligence = develop techniques for problem solving 2. crystal intelligence = use acquired knowledge
52
fluid + crystal intelligence over time
- fluid drops after age 30 - crystal increases with age
53
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (name the 9)
1. intra-personal 2. spatial 3. naturalistic 4. musical 5. logical-math 6. existential 7. interpersonal 8. bodily-kinesthetic 9. linguistic
54
Lewis Terman what did he do
Standord Binet test of intelligence
55
factors influencing intelligence
1. child's influence; genotype 2. immediate environment; family 3. society; poverty + race 4. gender 5. schooling; good schooling = higher scores
56
2 dimensions of empathy
cognitive empathy = affective empathy = experiencing someone else's emotional state
57
psychopaths aren't antisocial personality disorder
- not neurotic - not psychotic - no emotional disturbances
58
Hare's Psychopathy Model
factor 1 (interpersonal) 1. interpersonal = glibness + manipulative 2. affective = lack of guilt factor 2 (social deviance) 3. lifestyle = parasitic 4. antisocial = criminality
59
PPT Psychopathy Boduszek
1. affective = emotional shallowness 2. cognitive = inability to understand 3. interpersonal manipulation = superficial charm 4. egocentricity
60
schizostages (1, 2, 3)
1. brief psychotic disorder (under 1 month) 2. schizophreniform (1 month - 6 months) 3. schizophrenia (6 months +)
61
psychopathy personality traits model - Boduszek
1. affective responsiveness 2. cognitive responsiveness 3. interpersonal manipulation 4. egocentricity intelligence as variable
62
Hare's model
interpersonal affective 1. interperesonal facet: manipulative, pathological lying, grandiose self 2. affective: lack of empathy chronic antisocial life 3. lifestyle facet: parasitic + stimulation 4. antisocial: criminal activity
63
observation
researcher directly observes behaviour of people in normal social setting
64
complete participant
researchers goes undercover and doesn't tell people they're being watched
65
complete observer
researcher watches stuff from distance
66
participant observer
people know they're being observed
67
structured interview
- same questions - comparable data (quantitative) - interviewer has no freedom - standardised
68
semi-structured interview
- open-ended questions - interviewer flexibility to modify preset questions
69
unstructured interview
- participants choose own structure - interviewer complete freedom - qualitative data
70
focus group
- qualitative data - 6 - 8 people
71
purposive sampling
people picked based on possession of particular characteristics
72
quota sampling
stratified sampling + opportunity sampling

Tutorial; History of Psych (3 decks)

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