Test 2

Question 1

observational learning

Answer 1

learning from watching other people (rolemodels) partake in behaviours and then imitating said behaviours

Question 1

mirror neurons

Answer 1

specialised cells that are involved in observational learning; they fire even if we’re not the ones doing the action

Question 2

example of observational learning

Answer 2

we see our brother get good grades and then we want to get good grades too

Question 3

implicit learning

Answer 3

unconscious, ineffable behavior that we have picked up

Question 4

characteristics of implicit learning

Answer 4

• unconscious
• recognising patterns
• not easily explained
• procedural knowledge
• exposure (intensifies learning)

Question 5

emphasis of observational learning

Answer 5

• role models
• imitations
• emotions + desires of learner (attention, memory, motivation)
• cultural norms

Question 6

personality

Answer 6

person’s unique and stable behaviours that can help you see
- who they were/what they are/ who they will become

Question 7

character

Answer 7

personal characteristics that have been judged and evaluated

Question 8

temperament

Answer 8

hereditary personality

Question 9

personality traits

Answer 9

stable qualities that person shows in most cirumstances

Question 10

personality type

Answer 10

people that have traits in common

Question 11

psychoanalytic theory founder

Answer 11

sigmund freud

Question 12

humanistic theory founder

Answer 12

Abraham Maslow

Question 13

Social Cog Theory

Answer 13

Albert Bandura

Question 14

key concepts of psychoanalytic theory

Answer 14

• structure of mind
• defense mechanisms
• psychosexual
• levels of consciousness

Question 15

id

Answer 15

impulsive desires

Question 16

super ego

Answer 16

moral judgements

Question 17

ego

Answer 17

seen personality that tries to balance id and superego

Question 18

repression

Answer 18

removing painful experiences from conscious mind

Question 19

rationalisation

Answer 19

try to come up with reasons for an unacceptable behavior to conceal true feelings

Question 20

reaction formation

Answer 20

unconscious replacing of threatening feeling with opposite extreme

Question 21

projection

Answer 21

attributing personal threatening feelings to another person

Question 22

regression

Answer 22

becoming immature to feel safer in a threatening circumstance

Question 23

displacement

Answer 23

shifting unacceptable feelings or behaviour to another less threatening target

Question 24

identification

Answer 24

unconscious taking on characteristics of someone you think is more powerful in threatening circumstances

Question 25

sublimation

Answer 25

channeling unacceptable (sexual or aggressive) drives to something culturally enhancing

Question 26

3 reasons for defense mechanisms

Answer 26

1. coping with anxiety 2. equilibrium 3. adapting to reality

Question 27

eustress

Answer 27

beneficial stress that motivates us

Question 28

distress

Answer 28

bad stress (excessive or prolonged) that harms our physical + mental wellbeing

Question 29

acute stress

Answer 29

brief, intense stress triggered by specific event

Question 30

chronic stress

Answer 30

longterm stress from ongoing issues

Question 31

physical stress

Answer 31

physical demands on body causes stress

Question 32

traumatic stress

Answer 32

results from traumatic event

Question 33

cumulative stress

Answer 33

lots of small stressors cause big stress

Question 34

primary appraisal

Answer 34

determining if stimulus is a stressor

Question 35

secondary appraisal

Answer 35

determining if you can handle stressor

Question 36

HPA Axis full name

Answer 36

hypothalamic, pituitar adrenal axis

Question 37

cortisol effects

Answer 37

immune system, cardiovascular, metabolism - increases blood glucose levels

Question 38

Inventor of General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 38

Hans Selye, endocrinologist

Question 39

alarm stage

Answer 39

- fight or flight system activated - lots of stress hormones released - mobilisation of E reserves

Question 40

resistance stage

Answer 40

- stressor persists so body tries to adapt - same functions as alarm stage but body tries to find equilibrium to continue functioning normally

Question 41

exhaustion stage

Answer 41

- body's resources depleted - breakdown of adaptive mechanisms - susceptible to illness + chronic health issues

Question 42

3 coping mechanisms

Answer 42

repression, reframing, rationalisation

Question 43

rational coping stages

Answer 43

acceptance, understanding, exposure

Question 44

stress inoculation theory

Answer 44

develop positive ways of thinking about the situation

Question 45

hardiness 3 components

Answer 45

commitment, control, challenge