Data Imaging and interpretation - Knee Capsule, synovial membrane & bursae

Question 1

What are the two layers of the synovial joint ?

Answer 1

Synovial layer (inner) – a highly vascularised layer of serous connective tissue. It absorbs and secretes synovial fluid, and is responsible for the mediation of nutrient exchange between blood and joint. Also known as the synovium.
The articulating surfaces of a synovial joint (i.e. the surfaces that come into contact with each other as the joint moves) are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage.

Fibrous layer (outer) – consists of white fibrous tissue, known the capsular ligament. It holds together the articulating bones and supports the underlying synovium.

Question 2

What in regards to the shape of the synovial joint capsule allows for flexion ?

Answer 2

Flexion is maximised by the capsule being thin posteriorly and having the extensor apparatus anteriorly. The collateral ligaments help provide strength & stability at the sides

Question 3

Where does the suprapatellar bursa sit ?

Answer 3

Superiorly the synovial membrane continues upwards to form the suprapatellar bursa. Anterior breach in capsule allows communication between the capsule and the supra patella bursa – extends about 5 cm above patella (but can be more). It lies between the femur and quadriceps tendon. This allows free movement of the muscle on the lower femur during flexion and extension of the knee.

Question 4

What is haemarthrosis?

Answer 4

Efussion caused by blood

Question 5

What are the causes of a knee effusion ?

Why would you aspirate ?

Answer 5

Cause:
Intra-capsular injury
Infection
Inflammation

Aspiration:
Diagnosis
Pain relief