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CS 150 > Data Representation > Flashcards

Data Representation Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Real Number

A

A number with a whole part and a fractional part e.g. 17.0, 3.3333

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2
Q

What is the radix point in binary

A

The name of the point (.)

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3
Q

What are the four parts of floating point representation

A

Sign, Mantissa, Base and Exponent

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4
Q

What is the Mantissa

A

The significant digits of the number being represented

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5
Q

What is the Exponent

A

Scales the number by shifting the position of the floating radix point

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6
Q

What is Single Precision floating point

A

When you represent floating point negative numbers of certain size and range by describing the order the information comes in

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7
Q

What are key features of Single Precision floating point

A

Occupies 32 bits in computer memory, Exponent is 8 bits, mantissa is 23 bits and the sign is 1, bias number is 127

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8
Q

When would Single Precision floating point be used

A

Wide representation, simple programs like games

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9
Q

Why is Single Precision floating point used

A

Less expensive, fewer resources needed

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10
Q

What are key features of Double Precision floating point

A

Occupies 64 bits in computer memory, Exponent is 11 bits, mantissa is 52 bits and sign is one bit, the bias number is 1023

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11
Q

When would Double Precision floating point be used

A

Used for minimization of approximation, used in complex programs like scientific calculators

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12
Q

Why isn’t Double Precision floating point used for every computation

A

The cost incurred using this format does not always justify its use, it provides more accurate results but at the cost of greater computational power, memory space and data transfer

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13
Q

What would be the simplest idea to represent text

A

Binary bit pattern per character

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14
Q

What are key features of ASCII

A

7 bits providing 128 unique characters

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15
Q

What are key features of Unicode

A

16 bits used normally (sometimes 8 or 32 bits) providing 65536 different characters

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16
Q

What are the ways to represent negative numbers

A

Sign-Magnitude or Two’s Complement

17
Q

What is an Integer Overflow

A

When an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with the given bits

18
Q

What happens when there is an integer overflow

A

The least significant representable bits of the results are stored, the result is said to wrap around the maximum

19
Q

What is one way we can represent colors

A

RGB

20
Q

Define Colour Depth

A

The number of bits used to encode color

21
Q

Define Pixels

A

Dots of colour in the image

22
Q

Define Resolution

A

Numbers of pixels in the image

23
Q

What is Raster Graphics

A

Treats the image as a collection of pixels

24
Q

What are examples of Raster Graphics

A

BMP,GIF,PNG,JPEG

25
Q

Define Vector Graphics

A

Treats the image as a collection of mathematically defined geometric objects in the image

26
Q

What is an example of Vector Graphics

A

SVG

27
Q

What does JPEG stand for

A

Joint Photographic Experts Group

28
Q

Why would SVG be good

A

The circles are mathematically defined, we can make them larger/smaller and pixilation does not occur

29
Q

What are 4 ways sound can be represented

A

AM Radio(11kHz), CD quality (44kHz), DVD quality (48kHz), Blu-ray quality (96kHz)

30
Q

Define Data Compression

A

Reduction in the amount of space needed to store a piece of data or the bandwidth to transmit it

31
Q

Define Compression ratio

A

The size of the compressed data divided by the size of the original data

32
Q

Define Lossless

A

The data can be retrieved without any loss of original information

33
Q

Define Lossy

A

Some information may be lost in the process of compression

34
Q

Define Run-Length Encoding

A

Replace the repeated sequence with a character and number of times repeated

35
Q

When would Run-Length Encoding be used

A

Would be used with binary values, not often used for natural text

36
Q

Define Keyword Encoding

A

Common patterns and single characters would be replaced with a single character

37
Q

What would you need to perform Keyword Encoding

A

Mapping table to encode and decode the information

38
Q

Define Variable Length Bit String Encoding

A

Changing the number of bits used to represent a value, making more frequent values use fewer bits than uncommon ones

CS 150 (7 decks)

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