Data Structuers and Functions

Question 1

What are the two ways of collecting data items together?

Answer 1

Giving collection a name
Accessing the items individually or as a collection

Question 2

What is a named collection of homogeneous items in which individual items are accessed by their place within the collection?

Answer 2

Array

Question 3

What is the place within a collection?

Answer 3

Index

Question 4

Where do most programming start?

Answer 4

They start a 0

Question 5

What is the result of this code?

Integer numbers [10]
//Declares numbers to hold 10 integer values
Write “Enter 10 integer numbers, one per line”
Set Position to 0// set variable positions to 0
WHILE (position < 10)
Read in numbers [position]
Set position to position + 1
//continue with processing

Answer 5

Algorithm to put values into the places in an array

Question 6

What is a heterogeneous group of items where individuals items are accessed by name?

Answer 6

A record

Question 7

What can a record collection contain?

Answer 7

Integers, real values, strings or any other type of data

Question 8

What are records a good choice for?

Answer 8

Bundling items together that relate to the same object

Question 9

What looks at each item in turn and compares it to the one for which we are searching. If it matches, we have found the item. If not, we look at the next item?

Answer 9

Sequential Search

Question 10

What are special Boolean operations?

Answer 10

AND, OR, and NOT

Question 11

What is a binary search?

Answer 11

Look for an item in an array using a different strategy

Question 12

What strategies does a binary search use?

Answer 12

Divide and conquer!

Question 13

what is a selection sort?

Answer 13

It mirrors how we sort a list of values if we had to do it by hand

Question 14

What operator returns true if both expressions are true and false otherwise?

Answer 14

AND operator

Question 15

What operator returns false if both expressions are false and true otherwise?

Answer 15

OR operator

Question 16

What operator changes the values of the expression?

Answer 16

NOT operator

Question 17

What stops looking when we pass the place where it would be if it were present in the array?

Answer 17

Sequential search in a Sorted Array

Question 18

What search type can use divide and conquer?

Answer 18

Binary search

Question 19

True or False
In a binary search, it starts from the first point and then moves its way down the list, pushing things into the right order.

Answer 19

False

A binary seach beings in the middle of the array. If item is less than t

Question 20

What sorts similarly as we would cards in a deck? As it starts the sort, it will move cards in order as it goes through the deck and moves it into the right spot as it gets to the next card.

Answer 20

Selection sort

Question 21

What starts at the end of the array, swapping the items whenever the bottom element of the pair in smaller than the one above it?

Answer 21

Bubble Sort

Question 22

What algorithm is the easiest to use?

Answer 22

Selection Sort

Question 23

What sorts “bubbling up”? Swapping the inserted item into the correct spot?

Answer 23

Insert sort

Question 24

What is a container whose properties (data and operations) are specified independently of any particular implementation?

Answer 24

Abstract Data type (ADT)

Question 25

What is an implementation of a composite data field in an abstract data type?

Answer 25

Data Structures

Question 26

Whose sole purpose is to hold other objects?

Answer 26

Containers

Question 27

What is an abstract composite structure in which accesses are made at only one end?

Answer 27

Stacks

Question 28

What process is referred to as last in first out (LIFO)?

Answer 28

Stacks

Question 29

What says that the item removed is the item that has been in the stack the shortest time?

Answer 29

Stacks

Question 30

Whose entire behavior is specified through the removal operation?

Answer 30

Last in, first out (LIFO)

Question 31

What is an abstract structure in which items are entered at one end and removed from the other end?

Answer 31

Queues

Question 32

What is First In, First Out (FIFO)?

Answer 32

Queues

Question 33

What occurs as naturally in programming as they do in real life?

Answer 33

Lists

Question 34

What items are homogeneous, the items are linear, and lists have varying lengths.

Answer 34

Lists

Question 35

What does it mean when an item except the first has a unique component that comes before it, and each item except the last has a unique component that comes after it?

Answer 35

Linear

Question 36

What usually provides operations to insert an item?

Answer 36

Lists

Question 37

What operator is used to insert an item in a list?

Answer 37

Insert

Question 38

What operator is used to delete an item from a list?

Answer 38

Delete

Question 39

What operator is used to check whether an item is there?

Answer 39

IsThere

Question 40

What operator reports the number of items in a list?

Answer 40

GetLength

Question 41

What operators have some mechanism for allowing the user to view each item in sequence?

Answer 41

Reset, GetNext, MoreItems

Question 42

What should you not mistake for an array?

Answer 42

Lists

Question 43

What is an implementation of a container where the items are stored together with information on where the next item can be found?

Answer 43

Linked Structure

Question 44

What are actual language constructs?

Answer 44

Subprograms

Question 45

What operator needs a value to insert into it?

Answer 45

Insert

Question 46

What operation needs the list to reset?

Answer 46

Reset

Question 47

What operator needs the list to see if more items remain to be returned?

Answer 47

MoreItems

Question 48

What operator needs the list as input and returns the next item in the list?

Answer 48

GetNext

Question 49

What is a list of identifiers or values with which the subprogram is to work?

Answer 49

Parameter List

Question 50

What appears in parentheses beside the subprogram name?

Answer 50

Parameter

Question 51

What is sometimes called formal parameters?

Answer 51

Parameters

Question 52

What is it when a subprogram is called, the calling unit lists the subprogram name, followed by a list of identifiers in parentheses?

Answer 52

Arguments

Question 53

What represents actual variables in the calling unit with which the subprogram is to work?

Answer 53

Arguments

Question 54

What calling unit gives a copy of the argument to the subprogram?

Answer 54

A Value Parameter

Question 55

What is the calling unit that gives the address of the argument to the subprogram?

Answer 55

A reference parameter

Question 56

Fill in the blank. To access a_________, the subprogram accesses the contents of the address listed on the message board.

Answer 56

Reference Parameter

Question 57

Fill in the blank To access a________, the subprogram accesses the contents of the message board.

Answer 57

A value parameter

Question 58

Fill in the blank When a parameter is a__________, the subprogram knows to manipulate the contents of the address on the message board.

Answer 58

Reference Parameter

Question 59

What does this diagram represent?

Answer 59

The difference between value parameters and reference parameters

Question 60

What is a collection of elements, each containing a reference to the next element?

Answer 60

Linked List

Question 61

What describes a stack?

Answer 61

Last In First out (LIFO)

Question 62

What is the primary characteristic of a queue?

Answer 62

It has FIFO access

Question 63

What is a subprogram?

Answer 63

A sequence of program instructions that perform a specific task

Question 64

In pseudocode, how would you call a function named CalculateSum with two parameters a and b?

Answer 64

1) Execute CalculateSum with a, b 2) Csum = CalculateSum(a, b) 3) CALL CalculateSum a b 4) CalculateSum(a, b)

Question 65

What is the primary purpose of using subprograms in a program?

Answer 65

To allow for code reuse and better organization

Question 66

Which operation is used to add an element to the top of a stack?

Answer 66

Push