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ChE > Day 1 > Flashcards

Day 1 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Empirical Formula of the Human DNA

A

C39 H50 O22 N15 P3

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2
Q

Denotes the number of bonds occurring between atoms

A

Empirical formula

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3
Q

Denotes the actual number of each atom in a molecule

A

Molecular formula

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4
Q

Effective bulletproof vest

A

Polyethylene fiber - ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

UHMWPE is a linear polyethylene with molecular weight usually between 2 and 6 million. The fracture toughness, low friction coefficient, high impact strength, and low density of UHMWPE have made it a popular choice as the articulating surfaces of joint replacements, such as hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder.

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5
Q

Material previously used in bulletproof vest

A

Polyamide fiber

Kevlar - poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide

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6
Q

Material used in bulletproof windows

A

Polycarbonate fiber
- C15H16O2

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7
Q

Common materials of construction for radiation protection

A

Plexiglass/Lucite
- Poly(methyl methacrylate)
- (C5O2H8)n

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8
Q

Fundamental laws of stoichiometry

A

1.) Law of conservation of mass
2.) Law of definite composition
3.) Law of multiple proportions

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9
Q

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed but only change from one form to another

A

Law of conservation of mass - Antoine Lavoisier

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10
Q

Regardless of the extensive amount, the percent content of an atom in a molecule must remain constant

A

Law of definite composition - Joseph Louis Proust

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11
Q

Atoms have the tendency to bond with one another in appreciable whole number integers, each one being a distinct species

A

Law of multiple proportions - John Dalton

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12
Q

Method for determination of molecular mass (actual MW) of an organic base.

A

Platinichloride method

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13
Q

Plum pudding model, cathode ray experiment, discovered the electron and its charge to mass ratio (-1.76 x 10^8 Coulombs/gram

A

Joseph John Thomson

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14
Q

Introduced the term electron

A

George Stoney

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15
Q

Oil Drop Experiment, charge of an electron to about 5 significant figures

A

Robert Millikan

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16
Q

Discovered the proton

A

Ernest Rutherford

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17
Q

A very thin layer of gold foil and fired alpha particles. Performed by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden

A

Geiger-Marsden Experiment or Gold Foil experiment

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18
Q

Discovered the neutron

A

James Chadwick

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19
Q

Electrons are moving in circular orbits around the nucleus

A

Bohr’s Atomic Model (by Niels Bohr)

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20
Q

Proposed that energy, like matter, is discontinuous.

A

Max Planck

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21
Q

Generally known to have invented the first spectroscope

A

Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen

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22
Q

discovered two alkali metals, cesium and rubidium, with the aid of the spectroscope they had invented the year before

A

Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen

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23
Q

Discovered Helium by observing the aurora of the sun (measured the solar spectrum during a total eclipse and observed a new yellow line which indicated a new element)

A

Pierre Janssen

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24
Q

A system may only possess a finite discrete amount of energy
Atoms and molecules emit energy only in certain discrete quantities or quanta

A

Quantum Theory - Max Planck

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25
A system may possess an infinite amount of energy
Classical physics
26
Planck's Equation
E = hf h - Planck's constant Speed of light Co = λf
27
Photoelectric effect
Heinrich Hertz
28
minimum amount of energy (E) necessary to remove an electron from the surface of the bulk (solid) metal
Work function or binding energy
29
a fundamental universal constant that defines the quantum nature of energy
Planck's constant (h)
30
The cumulative energy (translational, rotational, vibrational) that each particle of a system possess
Internal Energy
31
- the amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area - occurs on the molecules on the surface of a liquid due to the unbalanced distribution of forces - tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible
Surface tension
32
A thermodynamic property that measures the various ways in which a system's energy can be distributed among its components
Entropy
33
- Part of the energy of the system that is unavailable to do work - Measure of spontaneity - Explains why all energy can't be converted to work
Entropy
34
a measure of the number of possible microscopic states (microstates) of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium, consistent with its macroscopic thermodynamic properties, which constitute the macrostate of the system
Ludwig Boltzmann's definition of Entropy S = kB ln(W) kB - Boltzmann's constant W - number of microstates
35
Discovered entropy and explained its behavior
Rudolf Clausius
36
A spontaneous process causes an increase in the total entropy of the universe
Second law of thermodynamics
37
a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system
Entropy
38
The process involves the addition of infinitesimal amounts of heat to a system that causes incremental changes in its properties
Reversible process
39
the pressure exerted by a vapor that is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the condensed phase (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system
Vapor pressure (equilibrium vapor pressure)
40
A measure for the maximum available energy for non-PV work
Gibb's Free Energy
41
How many carbon atoms are there in one molecule of "buckyball"?
C60 - Buckminsterfullerene - used as optical limiters (useful for developing protective eyewear and optical sensors)
42
Discovered Radioactivity
Henri Becquerel
43
Discovered Polonium and Radium
Marie Curie
44
Father of Nuclear chemistry (Nuclear Fission)
Otto Hahn
45
Nuclear Transmutation (14N - 17O) - nucleus of an atom will undergo transformation when bombarded with a nuclear specie
Ernest Rutherford
46
synthesized the first synthetic transmuted atom
Irene Joliot Curie
47
electronic instrument used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation (quantify the magnitude of radiation)
Geiger Counter
48
solid material that emits light when exposed to radiation such as ultraviolet light or an electron beam
Phosphor
49
Invented radiocarbon dating
Willard F. Libby
50
a form of energy that we can perceive as a blue glow emitted when the electrically charged particles that compose atoms (i.e. electrons and protons) are moving at speeds faster than that of light in a specific medium
Cherenkov radiation
51
the concentration of a dissolved solute at equilibrium with its undissolved form
Solubility
52
refers to the tendency of molecules to generate induced electric dipole moments when subjected to an electric field
Polarizability
53
The ease with which the electron distribution in the atom or molecule can be distorted
Polarizability
54
Water Quality Guidelines & General Effluent Standards
DAO No. 2016-08
55
Clean Water Act
RA 9275
56
Clean Air Act of the Philippines
RA 8749
57
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
RA 9003
58
An act to control toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes providing penalties for violations thereof
RA 6969
59
Same molecular formula, different connectivity
Constitutional isomers
60
Equimolar mixture of two enantiomers
Racemic mixture
61
Same MF, same connectivity, different orientation
Stereoisomers

ChE (4 decks)

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