Day 3

Question 1

It is the analysis and evaluation of the factors that will affect the success of engineering projects to the end that a recommendation be made which will ensure the best use of capital.

Answer 1

Engineering Economy

Question 2

It is a market condition in which a product is traded freely by buyers and sellers in large numbers without any individual transaction affecting the price

Answer 2

Perfect Competition

Question 3

It is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods, characterized by a free competitive market and motivation by profit.

Answer 3

Capitalism

Question 4

These are tangible things – things that you can touch – that satisfy human wants

Answer 4

Goods

Question 5

these are activities that people do for themselves or for other people to satisfy their wants

Answer 5

Service

Question 6

Products or services that are required to support human life and activities, which will be purchased in somewhat the same quantity even though the price varies considerably

Answer 6

Necessities

Question 7

Products or services that are desired by humans and will be purchased if money is available after the required necessities have been obtained.

Answer 7

Luxuries

Question 8

The quantity of a certain commodity that is bought at a certain price at a given place and time.

Answer 8

Quantity demanded (Demand)

Question 9

The quantity of a certain commodity that is offered for sale at a certain price at a given place and time.

Answer 9

Quantity supplied (Supply)

Question 10

Under conditions of perfect competition, the price at which a given product will be supplied and
purchased is the price that will result in the supply and the demand being equal.

Answer 10

Law of Supply and Demand

Question 11

A theory in economics that predicts that after some optimal level of capacity is reached, adding an additional factor of production will actually result in smaller increases in output

Answer 11

“law of diminishing marginal returns” “law of diminishing returns”
“principle of diminishing marginal productivity”
“law of variable proportions”

Question 12

Interest on an investment that is calculated once per period, usually annually, on the amount of the capital alone and not on any interest already earned.

Answer 12

Simple interest

Question 13

Is the discount of one unit of principal per unit time

Answer 13

Rate of Discount, d

Question 14

Basic annual rate of interest

Answer 14

Nominal Rate of Interest, r

Question 15

Actual or exact rate of interest
earned on the principal during one-year period

Answer 15

EFFECTIVE RATE OF INTEREST (ERI)

Question 16

A series of equal payments occurring
at equal interval of time

Answer 16

Annuity

Question 17

a type of annuity where the payments are made at the end of each period beginning from the 1st period

Answer 17

Ordinary Annuity

Question 18

a type of annuity where the payments are made at the beginning of each period starting from the 1st period.

Answer 18

Annuity Due

Question 19

type of annuity where the first payment is made later than the first or is made several periods after the beginning of the annuity

Answer 19

Deferred Annuity

Question 20

refers to the present worth of a property that is assumed to last forever; “sum of the first cost and the present costs of perpetual replacement, operation and maintenance”.

Answer 20

Capitalized Cost

Question 21

decrease in the value of physical property due to passage of time

Answer 21

Depreciation

Question 22

Due to the reduction of the physical ability of an equipment or asset to produce results

Answer 22

Physical Depreciation

Question 23

a certificate of indebtedness of a corporation usually for a period not less than ten years and guaranteed by a mortgage on certain assets of the
corporation or its subsidiaries

Answer 23

Bond

Question 24

Due to the reduction in the demand for the function that the equipment or asset was designed to render

Answer 24

Functional Depreciation or obsolescence

Question 25

Method of computing depreciation where it is assumed that the loss in value is directly proportional to the age of the equipment or asset

Answer 25

Straight line method

Question 26

Method of computing depreciation where it is assumed that a sinking fund is established in which funds will accumulate for replacement purposes

Answer 26

Sinking Fund Method

Question 27

Method of computing depreciation where it is assumed that the annual cost of depreciation is a fixed percentage of the book value at the beginning of the year.

Answer 27

Declining Balance Method Matheson Formula Constant Percentage Method

Question 28

Mirage is due to a. unequal heating of different parts of atmosphere b. magnetic disturbances in the atmosphere c. depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere d. equal heating of different parts of the atmosphere

Answer 28

a. unequal heating of different parts of atmosphere

Question 29

Nuclear sizes are expressed in a unit named

Answer 29

Fermi

Question 30

Lightyear is a unit of

Answer 30

Distance

Question 31

Stars appears to move from east to west because a. all stars move from east to west b. the earth rotates from west to east c. the earth rotates from east to west d. the background of the stars moves from west to east

Answer 31

b. the earth rotates from west to east

Question 32

If two bodies of different masses, initially at rest, are acted upon by the same force for the same time, then both bodies acquire the same

Answer 32

Momentum

Question 33

Out of the following, which is not emitted by radioactive substances? a. electrons b. electromagnetic radiations c. alpha particles d. neutrons

Answer 33

d. neutrons

Question 34

Sound waves in air are a. transverse b. longitudinal c. electromagnetic d. polarized

Answer 34

Longitudinal 2 types of mechanical waves: Transverse - perpendicular to medium (light) Longitudinal - parallel to medium (sound, pressure waves)

Question 35

Materials for a rain-proof coats and tents owe their water-proof properties to a. surface tension b. viscosity c. specific gravity d. elasticity

Answer 35

a. surface tension

Question 36

It takes much longer to cook food in the hills than in the plains, because a. in the hills the atmospheric pressure is lower than that in the plains and therefore water boils at a temperature lower than 100 deg C causing an increase in cooking time b. due to a lower pressure on the hills, the water boils at a temperature higher than 100 deg C and therefore water takes longer to boil c. in the hills the atmospheric density is low and therefore a lot of heat is lost to the atmosphere d. in the hills the humidity is high and therefore a lot of heat is absorbed by the atmosphere leaving very little heat for cooking

Answer 36

a. in the hills the atmospheric pressure is lower than that in the plains and therefore water boils at a temperature lower than 100 deg C causing an increase in cooking time

Question 37

Intensity of sound at a point is _____________ its distance from the source a. directly proportional to b. inversely proportional to c. directly proportional to square of d. inversely proportional to square of

Answer 37

d. inversely proportional to square of

Question 38

Of the four locations mentioned below the highest inside temperature will be attained in the pressure cooker operated with the pressure valve open. a. at sea level b. at the top of Mt. Everest c. at a place below sea level d. in an aeroplane flying at a height of 10km with inside pressure maintained at the sea level

Answer 38

c. at a place below sea level

Question 39

Mercury is commonly used as a thermodynamic fluid rather than water because a. specific heat of mercury is less than water b. specific heat of mercury is more than water c. mercury has greater visibility than water d. density of mercury is more than the water

Answer 39

c. mercury has greater visibility than water

Question 40

Explains the behavior of objects that move very fast (a significant fraction of Co) where regular Newtonian physics does not apply. Consists of two basic postulates: - The laws of physics are the same for all observers in any inertial frame of reference relative to one another (principle of relativity). - The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion or of the motion of the light source.

Answer 40

Special Relativity

Question 41

Consequences of Special Relativity

Answer 41

Relativity of Simultaneity Time Dilation Length Contraction

Question 42

Mass-Energy Equivalence

Answer 42

E = mc^2 Energy and mass are equivalent and transmutable.

Question 43

Two events, simultaneous for one observer, may not be simultaneous for another observer if the observers are in relative motion.

Answer 43

Relativity of Simultaneity

Question 44

Moving clocks are measured to tick more slowly than an observer's "stationary" clock.

Answer 44

Time Dilation (t > to) t = λto

Question 45

Objects are measured to be shortened in the direction that they are moving with respect to the observer.

Answer 45

Length Contraction (Lo > L) L = Lo/λ

Question 46

Consequences of General Relativity

Answer 46

Gravitational Time Dilation Precession Light Deflection Frame Dragging

Question 47

Clocks run slower in deeper gravitational wells.

Answer 47

Gravitational Time Dilation

Question 48

Orbits precess in a way unexpected in Newton's theory of gravity. (This has been observed in the orbit of Mercury and in binary pulsars).

Answer 48

Precession

Question 49

Rays of light bend in the presence of a gravitational field

Answer 49

Light Deflection

Question 50

Rotating masses "drag along" the spacetime around them.

Answer 50

Frame Dragging

Question 51

A cylinder with platinum-iridium alloy is used to define the kilogram. What is the name of this cylinder?

Answer 51

Le Grand K

Question 52

Cgs unit of force

Answer 52

Dyne g-cm/s2

Question 53

is usually stated that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

Answer 53

Universal Law of Gravitation

Question 54

The “triple point” of a substance is that point for which the temperature and pressure are such that a. only solid and liquid are in equilibrium b. only solid and vapor are in equilibrium c. only liquid and vapor are in equilibrium d. solid, liquid, and vapor are all in equilibrium

Answer 54

d. solid, liquid, and vapor are all in equilibrium

Question 55

the lowest velocity which a body must have in order to escape the gravitational attraction of a particular planet or other object.

Answer 55

Escape Velocity

Question 56

thermal energy whose transfer to or from a substance results in a change of temperature

Answer 56

Sensible Heat

Question 57

the heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature.

Answer 57

Latent heat

Question 58

The amount of heat required to change 1 g of a substance at the temperature of its melting point from the solid to the liquid state without changing temperature. for ice: 80cal/g; 144BTU/lb; 334J/g

Answer 58

Latent heat of fusion

Question 59

is defined as the heat required to change one mole of liquid at its boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure. for water: 540cal/g; 970BTU/lb; 2260J/g

Answer 59

Latent heat of vaporization

Question 60

statement that the total radiant heat power emitted from a surface is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.

Answer 60

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

Question 61

a law stating that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction of a wave are constant when it passes between two given media.

Answer 61

Snell's Law

Question 62

The light ray can actually bend so much that it never goes beyond the boundary between the two media.

Answer 62

total internal reflection

Question 63

The image produced by a convex mirror of an erect object in front of the mirror is always: a. virtual, erect and larger than the object b. virtual, erect and smaller than the object c. real, erect and larger than the object d. real, erect and smaller than the object

Answer 63

b. virtual, erect and smaller than the object

Question 64

The type of lens used to cure farsightedness is ________ lens. a. Concave b. Convex c. Biconcave d. Plano – convex

Answer 64

b. Convex

Question 65

The lowest frequency produced by any particular instrument

Answer 65

Fundamental frequency or 1st harmonic

Question 66

it deals with the study of light and particles at atomic and smaller level

Answer 66

Quantum Mechanics

Question 67

states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.

Answer 67

Ohm's law

Question 68

it deals with analyzing stresses and deflections in materials under load

Answer 68

Strength of Materials

Question 69

is defined as the internal force which is resisting the external force per unit area

Answer 69

Stress

Question 70

is a stress that occurs when a member is loaded by an axial force.

Answer 70

Axial stress/Normal stress

Question 71

a force that causes layers or parts to slide upon each other in opposite directions

Answer 71

Shearing force/stress

Question 72

is load applied in one plane that would result in the fastener being cut into two pieces.

Answer 72

Single shear

Question 73

load applied in one plane that would result in the fastener being cut into three pieces

Answer 73

Double Shear

Question 74

a failure mechanism in structural members like slabs and foundation by shear under the action of concentrated loads

Answer 74

Punching shear

Question 75

tank or pipe carrying a fluid or gas under a pressure is subjected to tensile forces, which resist bursting, developed across longitudinal and transverse sections

Answer 75

Thin-walled pressure vessels

Question 76

the endpoint of the stress-strain curve that is a straight line

Answer 76

Proportional limit

Question 77

the stress is directly proportional to strain

Answer 77

Hooke's law

Question 78

is equal to the slope of the stress-strain diagram that is a straight line

Answer 78

Modulus of Elasticity E or Young's Modulus

Question 79

is the limit beyond which the material will no longer go back to its original shape when the load is removed, or it is the maximum stress that may e developed such that there is no permanent or residual deformation when the load is entirely removed.

Answer 79

elastic limit

Question 80

is the point at which the material will have an appreciable elongation or yielding without any increase in load

Answer 80

Yield point

Question 81

maximum ordinate in the stress-strain diagram

Answer 81

ultimate strength or tensile strength

Question 82

strength of the material at rupture, also known as the breaking strength.

Answer 82

Rupture Strength

Question 83

is the work done on a unit volume of material as the force is gradually increased from the linear range, in N·m/m3. This may be calculated as the area under the stress-strain curve from the origin O to up to the elastic limit E (the shaded area in the figure). The resilience of the material is its ability to absorb energy without creating a permanent distortion.

Answer 83

Modulus Resilience

Question 84

is the work done on a unit volume of material as the force is gradually increased from O to R, in N·m/m3. This may be calculated as the area under the entire stress-strain curve (from O to R). The toughness of a material is its ability to absorb energy without causing it to break.

Answer 84

Modulus of toughness

Question 85

actual stress of a material under a given loading

Answer 85

Working stress

Question 86

maximum safe stress that a material can carry

Answer 86

Allowable stress

Question 87

ratio of ultimate or yield strength to allowable strength

Answer 87

factor of safety

Question 88

ratio of the sidewise deformation (or strain) to the longitudinal deformation (or strain)

Answer 88

Poisson's ratio

Question 89

In solid mechanics, it is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque -In circular sections, the resultant shearing stress is perpendicular to the radius.

Answer 89

Torsion