Day 1

Question 1

Necessary for any procedure that involves substantial risk or is considered experimental, and it fully explains potential risks and benefits of the procedure. The patient and a witness must sign the form, and it must be written in a language understood by the patient.

Informed consent
Oral consent
Implied consent

Answer 1

Informed consent

Question 2

Protects privacy rights of patients. No patient information or records may be released without specific permission of the patient.

Health Insurance Privacy and Protection Act
Health Insurance Privacy and Accountabilty Act
Health Insurance Portability and Protection Act
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Answer 2

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Question 3

Informs patients about what they should expect during a hospital stay with regards to rights and responsibilities.

American Hospital Association (Patient’s Bill of Rights)
Privacy
Extent of Care
Access to Information

Answer 3

American Hospital Association (Patient’s Bill of Rights)

American Hospital Association (Patient’s Bill of Rights)- Informs patients about what they should expect during a hospital stay with regards to rights and responsibilities.
Extent of Care- Patient’s have the right to refuse treatment or exams

Question 4

Patient’s modesty will be respected and every effort will be made to maintain the patient’s sense of dignity.

American Hospital Association (Patient’s Bill of Rights)
Privacy
Extent of Care
Access to Information

Answer 4

Privacy

Question 5

Patient’s have the right to refuse treatment or exams
(Ex: DNR- do not resuscitate, DNI– do not intubate).

American Hospital Association (Patient’s Bill of Rights)
Privacy
Extent of Care
Access to Information

Answer 5

Extent of Care

American Hospital Association (Patient’s Bill of Rights)- Informs patients about what they should expect during a hospital stay with regards to rights and responsibilities.
Extent of Care- Patient’s have the right to refuse treatment or exams

Question 6

Patients have the right to their medical information
(Ex: billing records, medical records, radiographic images).

American Hospital Association (Patient’s Bill of Rights)
Privacy
Extent of Care
Access to Information

Answer 6

Access to Information

Question 7

Outline of specific wishes about the medical care to be given in the event that the individual loses the ability to make or communicate decisions.

Living Will (Advanced Directives)
Healthcare Proxy

Answer 7

Living Will (Advanced Directives)

Copies of these directives are usually given to the family physician and an attorney or family member and should be part of the medical record.

Living Will (Advanced Directives)- Outline of specific wishes about the medical care to be given in the event that the individual loses the ability to make or communicate decisions.
Healthcare Proxy- Appointed personal representative (durable power of attorney) that acts on the patient’s behalf if and when the patient is unable to communicate their wishes.

Question 8

Appointed personal representative (durable power of attorney) that acts on the patient’s behalf if and when the patient is unable to communicate their wishes.

Living Will (Advanced Directives)
Healthcare Proxy

Answer 8

Healthcare Proxy

Proxy- representative
Living Will (Advanced Directives)- Outline of specific wishes about the medical care to be given in the event that the individual loses the ability to make or communicate decisions.
Healthcare Proxy- Appointed personal representative (durable power of attorney) that acts on the patient’s behalf if and when the patient is unable to communicate their wishes.

Question 9

To make informed decisions with their doctor, patient’s must understand whether their treatment is experimental or part of a research study.

Living Will (Advanced Directives)
Healthcare Proxy
Research Participation

Answer 9

Research Participation

Question 10

Unlawful touching of a person without his or her consent.

battery
negligence
malpractice
beneficence

Answer 10

battery

Battery- unlawful touching of a person without consent.
Ex: radiograph taken against the patient’s will

Negligence- omission of caution.
Ex: wrong patient was x-rayed

Malpractice- act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client.
Ex: error in diagnosis, complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient

False imprisonment- inappropriate use of either immobilizers or physical restraints

Question 11

A radiograph taken against the patient’s will, would be considered:

battery
negligence
malpractice
beneficence
false imprisonment

Answer 11

battery

Battery- unlawful touching of a person without consent.
Ex: radiograph taken against the patient’s will

Negligence- omission of caution.
Ex: wrong patient was x-rayed

Malpractice- act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client.
Ex: error in diagnosis, complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient

False imprisonment- inappropriate use of either immobilizers or physical restraints

Question 12

Omission of reasonable care or caution.

battery
negligence
malpractice
beneficence
false imprisonment

Answer 12

negligence

Battery- unlawful touching of a person without consent.
Ex: radiograph taken against the patient’s will

Negligence- omission of caution.
Ex: wrong patient was x-rayed

Malpractice- act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client.
Ex: error in diagnosis, complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient

False imprisonment- inappropriate use of either immobilizers or physical restraints

Question 13

Two patient identifiers were not checked before beginning a procedure and the wrong patient was x-rayed, would be considered:

battery
negligence
malpractice
beneficence
false imprisonment

Answer 13

negligence

Battery- unlawful touching of a person without consent.
Ex: radiograph taken against the patient’s will

Negligence- omission of caution.
Ex: wrong patient was x-rayed

Malpractice- act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client.
Ex: error in diagnosis, complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient

False imprisonment- inappropriate use of either immobilizers or physical restraints

Question 14

Professional negligence; an act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client.

battery
negligence
malpractice
beneficence
false imprisonment

Answer 14

malpractice

Battery- unlawful touching of a person without consent.
Ex: radiograph taken against the patient’s will

Negligence- omission of caution.
Ex: wrong patient was x-rayed

Malpractice- act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client.
Ex: error in diagnosis, complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient

False imprisonment- inappropriate use of either immobilizers or physical restraints

Question 15

Error in diagnosis, complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient, would be considered:

battery
negligence
malpractice
beneficence
false imprisonment

Answer 15

malpractice

Battery- unlawful touching of a person without consent.
Ex: radiograph taken against the patient’s will

Negligence- omission of caution.
Ex: wrong patient was x-rayed

Malpractice- act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client.
Ex: error in diagnosis, complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient

False imprisonment- inappropriate use of either immobilizers or physical restraints

Question 16

Goodness; actions that bring about good are considered right.

battery
negligence
malpractice
beneficence
false imprisonment

Answer 16

beneficence

Question 17

The inappropriate use of either immobilizers or physical restraints may constitute:

battery
negligence
malpractice
beneficence
false imprisonment

Answer 17

false imprisonment

Battery- unlawful touching of a person without consent.
Ex: radiograph taken against the patient’s will or on the wrong patient

Negligence- neglect or omission of reasonable care or caution.
Ex: the wrong patient was x-rayed

Malpractice- act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client.
Ex: error in diagnosis, complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient

False imprisonment- inappropriate use of either immobilizers or physical restraints

Question 18

“Let the master respond.” The employer is liable for employees’ negligent acts that occur at work.

Respondeat superior
Res ipsa loquitur
Vicarious liability
Borrowed servant
Rule of personal responsibility

Answer 18

Respondeat superior

Respondeat superior- Let the master respond.” The employer is liable for employees’ negligent acts that occur at work.
Res ipsa loquitur- “Thing speaks for itself.” Negligence or loss are so apparent that they would be obvious to anyone.
Borrowed servant- Physician may be liable for wrongful acts committed by hospital employees under the physician’s orders.
Vicarious liability- Liability by one person or agency for the actions of another.
Rule of personal responsibility- Each person is liable for their negligent conduct.

Question 19

“Thing speaks for itself.” Negligence or loss are so apparent that they would be obvious to anyone.

Respondeat superior
Res ipsa loquitur
Vicarious liability
Borrowed servant
Rule of personal responsibility

Answer 19

Res ipsa loquitur

Respondeat superior- Let the master respond.” The employer is liable for employees’ negligent acts that occur at work.
Res ipsa loquitur- “Thing speaks for itself.” Negligence or loss are so apparent that they would be obvious to anyone.
Borrowed servant- Physician may be liable for wrongful acts committed by hospital employees under the physician’s orders.
Vicarious liability- Liability by one person or agency for the actions of another.
Rule of personal responsibility- Each person is liable for their negligent conduct.

Question 20

Surgical sponge left inside patient’s abdomen.

Respondeat superior
Res ipsa loquitur
Vicarious liability
Borrowed servant
Rule of personal responsibility

Answer 20

Res ipsa loquitur

Respondeat superior- Let the master respond.” The employer is liable for employees’ negligent acts that occur at work.
Res ipsa loquitur- “Thing speaks for itself.” Negligence or loss are so apparent that they would be obvious to anyone.
Borrowed servant- Physician may be liable for wrongful acts committed by hospital employees under the physician’s orders.
Vicarious liability- Liability by one person or agency for the actions of another.
Rule of personal responsibility- Each person is liable for their negligent conduct.

Question 21

Liability by one person or agency for the actions of another.

Respondeat superior
Res ipsa loquitur
Vicarious liability
Borrowed servant
Rule of personal responsibility

Answer 21

Vicarious liability

Respondeat superior- Let the master respond.” The employer is liable for employees’ negligent acts that occur at work.
Res ipsa loquitur- “Thing speaks for itself.” Negligence or loss are so apparent that they would be obvious to anyone.
Borrowed servant- Physician may be liable for wrongful acts committed by hospital employees under the physician’s orders.
Vicarious liability- Liability by one person or agency for the actions of another.
Rule of personal responsibility- Each person is liable for their negligent conduct.

Question 22

Physician may be liable for wrongful acts committed by hospital employees under the physician’s orders.

Respondeat superior
Res ipsa loquitur
Vicarious liability
Borrowed servant
Rule of personal responsibility

Answer 22

Borrowed servant

Respondeat superior- Let the master respond.” The employer is liable for employees’ negligent acts that occur at work.
Res ipsa loquitur- “Thing speaks for itself.” Negligence or loss are so apparent that they would be obvious to anyone.
Borrowed servant- Physician may be liable for wrongful acts committed by hospital employees under the physician’s orders.
Vicarious liability- Liability by one person or agency for the actions of another.
Rule of personal responsibility- Each person is liable for their negligent conduct.

Question 23

Each person is liable for their negligent conduct.

Respondeat superior
Res ipsa loquitur
Vicarious liability
Borrowed servant
Rule of personal responsibility

Answer 23

Rule of personal responsibility

Respondeat superior- Let the master respond.” The employer is liable for employees’ negligent acts that occur at work.
Res ipsa loquitur- “Thing speaks for itself.” Negligence or loss are so apparent that they would be obvious to anyone.
Borrowed servant- Physician may be liable for wrongful acts committed by hospital employees under the physician’s orders.
Vicarious liability- Liability by one person or agency for the actions of another.
Rule of personal responsibility- Each person is liable for their negligent conduct.

Question 24

True or False

Safety straps or side rails do not constitute physical restraints.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Prevents undesired motion during imaging procedures: Immobilization Restraint

Answer 25

Immobilization

Question 26

Used to restrict patient movement to ensure safety: Immobilization Restraint

Answer 26

Restraint

Question 27

Prevent patient from disengaging IV lines or Oxygen masks: Immobilization Restraint

Answer 27

Restraint

Question 28

Requires a physician's order. Immobilization Restraint

Answer 28

Restraint

Question 29

Requires patient permission. Immobilization Restraint

Answer 29

Immobilization

Question 30

True or False Altering electronic data such as the exposure indicator, algorithm, brightness and contrast, and cropping or masking off anatomy should be avoided.

Answer 30

True ## Footnote These types of manipulation can contribute to poor image quality that can lead to misdiagnosis which can affect both the patient and the radiographer. Altering image data, such as brightness and contrast, before sending it to PACS (MIMPS) can limit the ability of the radiologist to manipulate the image.

Question 31

True or False The practice of shuttering, cropping, or masking should only be used for the sole purpose of improving the quality of the displayed image and not as a substitute for poor collimation of the original exposure.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True or False Documenting certain information about a patient’s care in the medical record may be the technologist’s responsibility.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True or False Any imaging order changes should be made with the ordering/referring physician.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Educated in American Sign Language (ASL) and may read lips. Obtain interpreters when needed. Deafness Impaired Vision Inability to speak (Aphasia) Impaired mental function Altered state of conciousness

Answer 34

Deafness

Question 35

These patients rely on hearing, touch, and memory to a much greater extent. Good communication is key to determine how to assist them. Radiographers may need to read written material to them. Deafness Impaired Vision Inability to speak (Aphasia) Impaired mental function Altered state of conciousness

Answer 35

Impaired Vision

Question 36

Ask the nursing staff how they have communicated with these patients. An electrolarynx may be used. Transesophageal puncture (TEP) is a prosthesis that is placed in the neck through a stoma that allows patients to communicate. Deafness Impaired Vision Inability to speak (Aphasia) Impaired mental function Altered state of conciousness

Answer 36

Inability to speak (Aphasia)

Question 37

May include patients with congenital defects such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), accident victims, those with illnesses affecting the brain, and those with severe emotional disorders that affect comprehension. Assess the patient’s ability to understand and follow instructions. Deafness Impaired Vision Inability to speak (Aphasia) Impaired mental function Altered state of conciousness

Answer 37

Impaired mental function

Question 38

This change in the ability to respond, react, and cooperate can result from injury, illness, medication, alcohol, or drugs. These patients can’t be relied upon to remember instructions and they are not responsible for their actions or answers. They may remember what you say, even if they are unresponsive. Deafness Impaired Vision Inability to speak (Aphasia) Impaired mental function Altered state of conciousness

Answer 38

Altered state of conciousness

Question 39

Terminally ill patients often experience grief and there are five stages of grief: Depression, denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance Denial, depression, anger, bargaining, acceptance

Answer 39

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance ## Footnote * Remember DABDA*

Question 40

Defined as the principles of proper body alignment, movement, and balance and the application of these principles minimizes the energy required to sit, stand, and walk. Body mechanics Base of support Center of gravity Line of gravity

Answer 40

Body mechanics

Question 41

Portion of the body that is in contact with the floor. Body mechanics Base of support Center of gravity Line of gravity

Answer 41

Base of support ## Footnote Base of support- Portion of the body that is in contact with the floor. Center of gravity- Point at which body weight is balanced and is usually located in the midportion of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Line of gravity- Imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity.

Question 42

Point at which body weight is balanced and is usually located in the midportion of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Body mechanics Base of support Center of gravity Line of gravity

Answer 42

Center of gravity ## Footnote Loads affect the location of the center of gravity. The body is most stable when the center of gravity is nearest the center of the base of support. Base of support- Portion of the body that is in contact with the floor. Center of gravity- Point at which body weight is balanced and is usually located in the midportion of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Line of gravity- Imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity.

Question 43

Imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity. Body mechanics Base of support Center of gravity Line of gravity

Answer 43

Line of gravity ## Footnote The body is most stable when the line of gravity bisects the base of support. Base of support- Portion of the body that is in contact with the floor. Center of gravity- Point at which body weight is balanced and is usually located in the midportion of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Line of gravity- Imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity.

Question 44

Normal oral temperature: 96.8-99.8 60-100 12-20 95-119 60-79 95-100

Answer 44

96.8-99.8 ## Footnote Rectal temps. range from .5 to 1 degree F higher than oral. Axillary temps. range from .5 to 1 degree F lower than oral.

Question 45

Normal pulse rate: 96.8-99.8 60-100 12-20 95-119 60-79 95-100

Answer 45

60-100 bpm ## Footnote Measures blood pressure pulse in an artery when left ventricle contracts. Radial artery is most common pulse point. Bradycardia- less than 60 bpm. Tachycardia- greater than 100 bpm.

Question 46

Normal respiratory rate: 96.8-99.8 60-100 12-20 95-119 60-79 95-100

Answer 46

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 47

Normal systolic blood pressure: 96.8-99.8 60-100 12-20 95-119 60-79 95-100

Answer 47

95-119 ## Footnote Pumping action of the heart. Measured using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer. Normal Blood Pressure: -systolic 95-120 -diastolic 60-80 Hypertenson: -systolic greater than 140 -diastolic greater than 90 Hypotension: -systolic less than 90 -diastolic lower than 50

Question 48

Normal diastolic blood pressure: 96.8-99.8 60-100 12-20 95-119 60-79 95-100

Answer 48

60-79 ## Footnote Cardiac relaxation. Measured using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer. Normal Blood Pressure: -systolic 95-120 -diastolic 60-80 Hypertenson: -systolic greater than 140 -diastolic greater than 90 Hypotension: -systolic less than 90 -diastolic lower than 50

Question 49

Normal oxygen saturation: 96.8-99.8 60-100 12-20 95-119 60-79 95-100

Answer 49

95%-100%

Question 50

Which of these are levels of consciousness (LOCs). 1. alert and conscious 2. drowsy but responsive 3. unconscious but reactive to painful stimuli 4. comatose 1,3,4 1,2,3 1,2,4 all of the above

Answer 50

all of the above