Day 1 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What was the Age of Enlightenment and how did it help sociology develop as a science?
1650s-1850s
Promoted secular institutions, the rule of law, free economic markets, and mass literacy which in turn promoted free thinking.
What is sociology as a base?
The highly subjective study between an individual and their social environment, as well as the study of how many different factors in said environment may influence their perception, how they are perceived, decision making, and their own ideas of the world.
What is the importance of subjectivity and objectivity within sociology?
Subjectivity is the value of something to be difficult in proving, something that possesses a value that may vary from person to person depending on impression.
Objectivity is the value of something to be immovable or provable, such as mathematics where many processes will yield an objectively correct value.
What is a canon in social theory?
Having a sense of how sociology may understand itself and which figures in sociology may prove to be prevalent figures in sociology.
What is elective affinity?
A deep compatibility of goals and purposes between technological change and the rise of sociology.
What was Karl Marx’s foundation of sociology?
For society to have the most separation or “gap” between social classes with the rise of capitalism and to be condensed into either the proletariat which is the working class, or the bourgeoisie which is the owning class.
What was Karl Marx’s impression on how society was to progress or develop?
That the driving force of development and growth was through conflict. That class difference conflict would produce a higher historical development and therefore progress history through a goal oriented movement.
The progression of class conflict would result in an end of class division altogether.
What had Karl Marx failed to address in his theory of communism and impression on sociology?
The importance of cultural difference in class division and how this may affect people. As higher importance had been placed on the question of a financially-based class division, more interest had been placed on the working man rather than the marginalized individual.
What was Emile Durkheim’s foundation of sociology?
Durkheim first believed of the concept of social facts, aspects that exist independently of individuals and their views. He argued the influence this exerted on individuals, shaping behaviour and attitudes. He also argued the class difference to be essential, arguing that division of labour fosters specialization and interdependence.
Durkheim’s research into sociology is founded in his work “Suicide” which explores the phenomenon of suicide as a external rather than internal conflict rooted in the strength of connections on one’s social presence.
What is the term “anomie”?
A state of normlessness or complete breakdown of social order and collective consciousness of the shared beliefs, values, and practices of a society coined by sociologist Emile Durkheim.
What does the term “moving into modernity” mean and imply?
It characterizes a certain aspect of life to undergo a major change from a more traditional mean and the resulting reaction to change we may express.
What was Max Weber’s foundation of sociology?
Exploring the relationship between religion and capitalism, Weber highlighted Karl Marx’s oversight of the influence of personal culture and religion over class difference when combined with the aspect of economic stability and capitalism.
Weber also explored the concept of bureaucracy, the hierarchy required to improve efficiency. The study of subjective meaning and social phenomena relative to history was also of interest, and Weber’s final work “General Economic History” explored his analyses of economic change.
In Economy and Society, Weber stressed that all economic processes are characterized by the meaning they have for human action.
What is social structure?
Any enduring, predictable pattern of social relations among people in society that constrains and transforms their behaviour, shaping it into the requirements of the social situation.
What is culture?
The shared lens of values and beliefs through which we view reality.
What is constraining power?
The ability of a social institution to control people’s behaviour and increase their obedience to social norms and to limit their life chances and opportunities.
What is transformative power?
The ability of a social institution or experience to radically change people’s routine practice.
