Day 1 Mod 5

Question 1

Communication paths between the OS and devices are made possible through special programs called what?

Answer 1

Device drivers

Question 2

Any hardware component or peripheral device that is attached to a computer is known as

Answer 2

A device

Question 3

This is an executing instance of an application

Answer 3

A process

Question 4

A singular named resource used for storing information or data

Answer 4

File

Question 5

The OS interfaces with data on the hard drive through this, it defines the way data is named, stored, organized, and accessed on the hard drive.
Like a file cabinet
Drawer=disk volume
Folder =directory
Papers=files

Answer 5

File system

Question 6

What does an operating system control and what four things does it provide a means of interacting with?
U
A
S
H

Answer 6

controls nearly all functions of a computer

Provides a means of interacting with users system software applications and Hardware

Question 7

Every OS performs at least three core functions what are they
F
P
D

Answer 7

File system management
Process Management
Device management

Question 8

This is the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components of a computer

Answer 8

Hardware

Question 9

This allows the user to interface with applications, system software, and Hardware

Answer 9

OS interface

Question 10

The heart of the OS, manages interaction between layers.

Answer 10

OS kernel

Question 11

System software, also known as the OS can be divided into two parts. What are they?

Answer 11

OS interface

OS kernel

Question 12

Another name for executable code designed to carry out specific tasks on the computer, also known as programs or software.

Answer 12

Application

Question 13

What are the OS interfaces a user interacts with?

Answer 13

GUI graphical user interface

CLI command line interface

Question 14

Has only one user and can perform a task at any given time

Answer 14

Single user single-tasking

Question 15

Only one user can perform multiple tasks at a time

Answer 15

Single user multitasking

Question 16

One or more users can perform one or more tasks each at one time. Unix or Windows based

Answer 16

Multi user

Question 17

Operates in a networked environment allowing a user to connect to another computer or server to retrieve information. Unix or Windows based

Answer 17

Client

Question 18

provides various services including email file sharing and printer access as well as ensuring security to other computers or clients across a network. Email server web server print server

Answer 18

Server

Question 19

One or more tasks are spread among two or more computers a cluster of machines like google. Com

Answer 19

Distributed

Question 20

Every OS has inherent vulnerabilities posing risks that must be acknowledged and managed by what is known as?

Answer 20

Information assurance IA

Question 21

Information assurance or IA incorporates five risk management measures or techniques what are they?
C
I 
A
N
A

Answer 21

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Non-repudiation
Authentication

Question 22

Assurance that information is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals, processes, or devices.
Need to know

Answer 22

Confidentiality

Question 23

Assurance that no unauthorized modification or destruction of information occurred.
Trust

Answer 23

Integrity

Question 24

Assurance of reliable access to data and services for authorized users.

Answer 24

Availability

Question 25

Assurance that data delivery is proven to be from a reliable source. Can't deny

Answer 25

Non-repudiation

Question 26

Assurance of properly verifying a user's credentials.

Answer 26

Authentication

Question 27

This ensures users are properly identified using account credentials such as. Username and or password Card or token Biometrics

Answer 27

Authentication

Question 28

``` Once a user is authenticated, os's provide mechanisms to ensure data may only be accessed by authorized users. There are four mechanisms to accomplish this what are they? P A L B ```

Answer 28

Privileged versus non-privileged Access Control Logging Backups

Question 29

The IA availability measure implements this principle, where non-privileged user accounts are only granted access to what is authorized.

Answer 29

Principle of least privilege

Question 30

OSS provide this type of user account with full access and this other type of user account with limited access what are the accesses called?

Answer 30

Privileged and non-privileged

Question 31

This is a mechanism for controlling access to system resources thereby ensuring resource availability.

Answer 31

Access Control

Question 32

The three most common forms of Access Control are? D M R

Answer 32

DAC discretionary Access Control Mac mandatory Access Control Rbac role-based Access Control

Question 33

Commonly referred to as permissions and is implemented using access control list or ACL will list account permissions to a specific resource. User-controlled permissions

Answer 33

DAC discretionary Access Control

Question 34

Os's enforce the system security policy using security labels for example need to know what type of act access control is this.

Answer 34

Mac mandatory Access Control

Question 35

Access decisions are based on each accounts roll or functional position this is used for processes not files. What type of Access Control is it?

Answer 35

Rbac role-based Access

Question 36

Os's provide these capabilities to ensure the confidentiality and integrity aspects of IA are attainable.

Answer 36

Logging capabilities

Question 37

This is a record of system or user activities that can contain events generated either locally or from a remote system and can be stored locally however some os's provide the ability to consolidate them all in a centralized Repository.

Answer 37

Log files

Question 38

This mechanism ensures system restoration after data loss, performing it supports is a integrity and availability measures.

Answer 38

Backups

Question 39

This provides a consistent and reliable platform that is easy to use and is chosen by many popular application programs they are the most widely used in the world today and can be utilized in office and home environments although they are a Mainstay in both Commercial and Military organizations.

Answer 39

Windows

Question 40

On this OS it is the process of determining whether someone is in fact who they declare to be.

Answer 40

Windows Authentication

Question 41

Windows uses three main types of user accounts what are they? B L D

Answer 41

Built-in Local Domain

Question 42

This account type is created automatically when the OS is installed and consists of two types of accounts. Administrator which is the user account with the highest level of Privileges and permissions this account cannot be deleted. Yest, intended for temporary access when an individual user account does not exist they are greatly limited and do not require a password to access the system, cannot be deleted as well.

Answer 42

Built-in

Question 43

Account authenticated by the local machine. Local account credentials are maintained in a local database.

Answer 43

Local

Question 44

Local account credentials are maintained in a local database called?

Answer 44

Sam security accounts manager

Question 45

Account authenticated by a domain controller.

Answer 45

Domain

Question 46

This is a centralized server in a Windows Network that stores domain account credentials in a database called active directory. Authenticates accounts.

Answer 46

Domain controller

Question 47

Information that is maintained by a centralized database is known as?

Answer 47

An Active directory

Question 48

In this model each Windows system is considered stand alone with regards to Authentication. when are user attempts to login with a local account the computer communicates with its local Sam for Authentication.

Answer 48

Workgroup model

Question 49

This model is a collection of computers sharing common configurations, resources, and security principles. Its information is maintained by a centralized database known as an active directory.

Answer 49

Domain model

Question 50

Windows uses this type of structure in which all directories and files fall under a disk volumes root directory.

Answer 50

Hierarchical directory structure

Question 51

This contains a subdirectory for each user that has logged on to the system.

Answer 51

Documents and settings folder

Question 52

These are a collection of folders containing user personal data and preferences.

Answer 52

Subdirectories

Question 53

When a user logs onto a system for the first time and or does not have a profile, the settings contained in this profile are used to create the user's profile.

Answer 53

Default user profile

Question 54

This profile is used add settings and programs that affect all users that log on to the system.

Answer 54

All users profile

Question 55

This file folder contains folders and files of installed third-party software.

Answer 55

Program files folder

Question 56

This folder contains all the OS files.

Answer 56

System root folder

Question 57

This directory contains most of the built-in Windows system files, programs, and commands.

Answer 57

System32 directory

Question 58

These are defined as any characteristic of a file or directory. These are also on and off type features.

Answer 58

Attributes

Question 59

These may have varying values for example name, size, times, dates.

Answer 59

Properties

Question 60

``` Name the five examples of file directory attributes. A R C H E S ```

Answer 60

``` Archive Read only Compression Hidden Encryption System ```

Question 61

This attribute allows backup programs to know which files to backup.

Answer 61

Archive

Question 62

This attribute protects the file from being overwritten or modified.

Answer 62

Read only

Question 63

Attribute for a Compressed file or directory NTFS only

Answer 63

Compression

Question 64

Attribute that hides from standard directory list listings and common users.

Answer 64

Hidden

Question 65

Attribute type for a Encrypted file or directory NTFS only

Answer 65

Encryption

Question 66

This attribute gives General protection from common user access.

Answer 66

System

Question 67

Mechanism by which a system security identifies a user.

Answer 67

Authentication

Question 68

Mechanism by which a system determines the level of access a user has two system resources.

Answer 68

Authorization

Question 69

This file system provides the capability of assigning file and directory permissions using discretionary Access Control list or dacl

Answer 69

New technology file system NTFS

Question 70

This permission allows for viewing and listing of files and subfolders, permits viewing of file contents, and is static and does not change.

Answer 70

Read

Question 71

This permission allows adding a files and subfolders, and permits writing to a file.

Answer 71

Write

Question 72

this permission permits viewing and listing of files and subfolders as well as file execution; inherited by files and folders, and permits viewing file contents and file execution.

Answer 72

Read and execute

Question 73

This permission permits viewing a listing of files and subfolders; inherited by folders only and means nothing for files.

Answer 73

List folder contents

Question 74

This permission allows for reading and writing a files and subfolders, allows deletion of the folder, and permits reading and writing of the file. Also allows deletion of the file and cannot change permissions.

Answer 74

Modify

Question 75

This permission allows for Reading, Writing, changing app permissions, and deleting of files and subfolders. It also permits Reading Writing changing of permissions and deleting of the file.

Answer 75

Full control

Question 76

This is implemented on directories not files and is accessed from over a network via this directory.

Answer 76

Shared directory, only folders can be shared not files and when access locally these rules have no impact on the directory.