Day 10

Question 1

What were the first synthetic drugs called?

Answer 1

Chemotherapeutic agents

Question 2

When were sulfa drugs developed?

Answer 2

In WWII

Question 3

Who discovered Penicillin and when?

Answer 3

Alexander Fleming in 1928

Question 4

Chemical substances produced by bacteria and fungi to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

Answer 4

Natural antibiotics

Question 5

Antibiotics synthetically prepared from chemical substances

Answer 5

Synthetic antibiotics

Question 6

What is Broad Spectrum?

Answer 6

Effective against a broad range of microorganisms

Question 7

What is a disadvantage of using a broad spectrum?

Answer 7

it might kill or reduce the numbers of beneficial normal flora

Question 8

What is a Limited Spectrum?

Answer 8

Effective against a narrow range of microorganisms

Question 9

Define BACTERIOCIDAL.

Answer 9

Kills the target microorganism

Question 10

Define BACTERIOSTATIC.

Answer 10

Prevents replication or growth of target microorganisms

Question 11

What are the 5 modes of antibiotic action?

Answer 11

• inhibition of cell wall synthesis
• inhibition of protein wall synthesis(amino glycosides and macrolides)
• Cytoplasmic membrane injury(bacitracin)
• inhibition of protein synthesis (DNA/RNA)
• inhibition of synthesis of essential metabolites (sulfonamides)

Question 12

Microorganisms may pick up _________ from other bacteria which inhibit the drugs ability to affect the bacteria

Answer 12

Genes(plasmids)

Question 13

Combined action of the two drugs is indifferent or no greater than the more effective agent used alone

Answer 13

Indifference

Question 14

Combined action of the two drugs is additive or equal to the sum of activity of each drug is used individually

Answer 14

Addition

Question 15

Combined effect of two drugs is greater than the combined effect of each individual drug acting alone( the effect is amplified)

Answer 15

Synergy

Question 16

The action of one antibiotic interferes with the action of another administered antibiotic

Answer 16

Antagonism

Question 17

What are the two methods of susceptibility testing?

Answer 17

Dilution

Disk diffusion

Question 18

What’s another name for Disk diffusion?

Answer 18

Kirby- Bauer method

Question 19

Lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits growth of organism

Answer 19

MIC -Minimum Inhibition Concentration

Question 20

What are 2 advantages of Dilution Method?

Answer 20

• Quantitative;most accurate

- Can be easily adapted to automated systems

Question 21

What is a disadvantage of Dilution Method?

Answer 21

Time consuming

Question 22

What is the principle of KB method?

Answer 22

An antibiotic disc is placed on heavy bacterial growth on a Mueller-Hinton agar plate

Question 23

What variables affect the size of zone of inhibition in the diffusion method?

Answer 23

• the ability and rate of diffusion of the antibiotic into the medium
• the turbidity of the bacterial suspension inoculated
• the growth rate of the organism
• the degree of sensitivity of the organisms to the antibiotic

Question 24

What are advantages of KB method?

Answer 24

• economical
• simple
• reproducible

Question 25

Large zone of no growth

Answer 25

Sensitive or susceptible

Question 26

Small zone of no growth

Answer 26

Intermediate

Question 27

Zone of growth up to the disc

Answer 27

Resistant

Question 28

How is bacteria reported to practitioner?

Answer 28

Susceptible,intermediate or resistant