Day 12: Tapeworms

Question 1

What phylum are Tapreworms under

Answer 1

Plathelminthes

Question 2

What are the sheep tapeworms called

Answer 2

Moniezia expansa

Question 3

What are the cattle tapeworms called

Answer 3

Moniezia bendeni

Question 4

What is the morphology of ruminant tapeworms

Answer 4

Very long
Wide, short proglottids with bilateral genitalia
Unarmed scolex with 4 large suckers for attachment
Square eggs with embryophore

Question 5

What is the intermediate host in moniezia expanse

Answer 5

Oribatid mite

Question 6

What are the clinical signs of moniezia expansa

Answer 6

Non-pathogenic when worm numbers are low
Diarrhea
Spontaneous cure in cattle ~3 weeks old

Question 7

What is the pathology in moniezia expansa

Answer 7

Necrotic lesions only in heavy infections

Question 8

What are the two horse tapeworm species

Answer 8

Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna

Question 9

What is the morphology of anoplocephala

Answer 9

Torpedo shaped tapeworms
Scolex is small with 4 suckers and 2 lappets
Triangular-shaped eggs with pyriform apparatus

Question 10

What is the life cycle of anoplocephala

Answer 10

Main cestode of horses
Mite containing the larval stage is ingested by the horse

Question 11

Where is anoplocephala perfoliata found in the horse

Answer 11

Ileocecal junction, cecum and colon (common)

Question 12

Where is anoplocephala magna found in the horse

Answer 12

Small intestines (uncommon)

Question 13

What is the intermediate host in horses

Answer 13

Oribatid mite

Question 14

What are the clinical signs of Anoplocephala

Answer 14

Usually few clinical signs
inflammation at the ileocecal junction, colic, and intussusception
Low tolerance for tapeworm segments

Question 15

What is the pathology of Anoplocephala

Answer 15

Heavy infections can cause hyperplasia of the ileum, intestinal erosions, perforations, and intussusception

Question 16

What is the dog tapeworm called

Answer 16

Dipylidium caninum

Question 17

What is the morphology of Dipylidium caninum

Answer 17

Scolex less than 0.5mm in diameter
Rostellum on the scolex can retract; it has small thorn-like hooks for attachment to gut
Proglottids are shaped like cucumber seeds and have bilateral genital pores
Proglottids have bilateral genitalia

Question 18

What is the epidemiology of dipylidium caninum

Answer 18

Cyclophyllidean tapeworms which infect dogs and cats
Most common tapeworm of dogs, can occur in cats

Question 19

What is the lifecycle of Diplylidium caninum

Answer 19

Intermediate stage is the cysticercoid that develops in fleas and biting lice
Dogs become infected by ingesting fleas or lice containing the cysticeroid
Adult tapeworms are in the small intestines

Question 20

How long is the prepatent period for Diplylidium caninum

Answer 20

1 month

Question 21

What is the diagnosis of diplylidium caninum

Answer 21

Recognized by egg capsules in a fecal flotation
Identify segments with particular morphology crawling on feces

Question 22

What are the hosts for Taenia taeniaformis

Answer 22

Definitive host Cats and dogs
Intermediate hosts are rodents

Question 23

What are the stages for Taenia taeniaformis

Answer 23

Intermediate stage is a cysticerus
Adult tapeworm lives in the small intestine
Proglottids or eggs are passed in the feces
Eggs are fully developed when passed in feces and are infective to the intermediate host

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of taenia taeniaformis

Answer 24

Few to no clinical signs are seen in dogs and cats

Question 25

What is the morphology of taenia saginata

Answer 25

Tapeworm is 5 meters long

Question 26

Who are the hosts of Taeenia saginata

Answer 26

Definitive hosts is humans Intermediate host is cattle Intermediate stage is the cysticercus

Question 27

What is the lifecycle of taenia saginata

Answer 27

In cattle the cysticerus encysts in muscle (heart and muscles of mastication) Cattle become infected by contamination of pastures and feed by human feces humans become infected by ingesting contaminated meat that is undercooked

Question 28

What are the clinical signs in Taenia saginata

Answer 28

Few clinical signs in infected humans Economic losses due to condemnation of carcasses

Question 29

What is the diagnosis of Taenia saginata

Answer 29

Observation of cysticercus in meat at necropsy

Question 30

How do you control Taenia saginata

Answer 30

Prevent contamination of human feces in cattle feed Proper sewage management Routine exam of feedlot workers Good hygiene of feedlot workers

Question 31

Who are the hosts for Taenia solium

Answer 31

Definitive host is humans only Intermediate hosts include swine, camels, dogs, monkeys and humans

Question 32

What is the lifecycle of Taenia solium

Answer 32

Humans can also be infected with cysticerus which can cause neurological disease Humans can self infect leading to serious disease

Question 33

What are the clinical signs of taenia solium

Answer 33

CNS signs in intermediate hosts View measly meats as a delicacy

Question 34

What is Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 34

Dog tapeworm

Question 35

What is the morphology of echinococcus granulosus

Answer 35

Adult tapeworms that are very small Adult tapeworms that have only 3 segments

Question 36

What is the epidemiology of echinicoccus granulosus

Answer 36

Mainly in West and Northwest USA, Canada

Question 37

What is the lifecycle of echinococcus granulosus

Answer 37

Intermediate stage is the hydatid which contains many daughter brood capsules Tremendous reproductive potential afforded by the intermediate stage

Question 38

Who are the hosts for echinococcus granulosus

Answer 38

Definitive host is the dog Intermediate hosts are sheep

Question 39

What is the zoonotic potential of echinococcus granulosus

Answer 39

Humans substitute for the intermediate host Sheep and humans become infected by accidentally ingesting eggs from dog feces

Question 40

How do you diagnose echinococcus granulosus

Answer 40

Fecal flotation Other taenid tapeworm eggs cannot be distinguished from echinococcus eggs

Question 41

What is the pathology in humans when infected with echinococcus granulosus

Answer 41

Mass on brain or liver Immunological tests to detect cysticeri or hydatids Surgical removal is necessary

Question 42

What do Moniezia and anophlocephala eggs look like

Answer 42

Fecal float Triangular or square with a hexacanth embryo in a pyriform apparatus Rectangular proglottids are found in the feces

Question 43

What do Taenid Tapeworm eggs look like

Answer 43

Spherical with thick wall with striations Cannot be speciated by their ova so all have the same type of egg Eggs fully infective to the intermediate host

Question 44

What is the treatment of Cestode Infections

Answer 44

Praziquantel (Droncit) Epsiprantel (Cestex)