Day 2

Question 1

What are the categories of infectious diseases?

Answer 1

Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic

Question 2

What is difference btw infectious and non infectious disease?

Answer 2

non infectious isn’t contagious or transmitted by microorganism

Question 3

How are pathogens transmitted?

Answer 3

air, water, food, body fluids, touch, vector

Question 4

How do bacteria make us sick?

Answer 4

produce poisons that cause cell death

Question 5

How do viruses make us sick?

Answer 5

use cells to reproduce and then cause cell death

Question 6

How do fungi make us sick?

Answer 6

grow and produce toxins

Question 7

How do parasites make us sick?

Answer 7

live and grow in our body destroying tissues

Question 8

Define diagnosis.

Answer 8

The designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem

Question 9

Define differential diagnosis.

Answer 9

Weighing competing possibilities and selecting the most likely one but listing in order of likelihood

Question 10

Define working diagnosis.

Answer 10

Based on info from history, physical exam, and diagnostic testing

Question 11

Describe characteristics of primary headaches.

Answer 11

Most common, tension, migraine, cluster

Question 12

Describe characteristics of secondary headaches.

Answer 12

based on etiology, not symptoms. whiplash, medication overuse, birth control changes, sinus symptoms, TMJ pain

Question 13

What should you ask of all patients with chief complaint of headache?

Answer 13

Is this the worst headache of your life?

Question 14

What does neck stiffness suggest on examination?

Answer 14

meningitis

Question 15

What does papilledema suggest on examination?

Answer 15

presence of intracranial mass lesion, benign intracranial hypertension, encephalitis, meningitis

Question 16

What do focal neurologic signs suggest on examination?

Answer 16

intracranial mass lesion

Question 17

What is an important differential diagnosis of fever in children?

Answer 17

UTIs

Question 18

What are the differential diagnoses of cough?

Answer 18

respiratory tract infections, reactive airway disease, gastroesophageal reflux, air pollution, foreign body, ACE inhibitor, psychogenic cough, post nasal drip

Question 19

What are differential diagnoses of edema?

Answer 19

heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, medications, deep vein thrombosis

Question 20

What is presentation and possible causes of deep vein thrombosis?

Answer 20

Presents as acute onset unilateral leg edema caused by long drive, tobacco use, birth control use

Question 21

What are differential diagnoses of weight loss?

Answer 21

hyperthyroidism, DM, gastrointestinal disease, malignancy, HIV, drugs, advanced cardiac/pulmonary/renal disease

Question 22

What are the three vague neurological complaints?

Answer 22

dizziness, fainting, tingling

Question 23

What are differential diagnoses of vague neuro complaints?

Answer 23

syncope, heart disease, diabetes, dehydration, stress

Question 24

What are signs of inflammation?

Answer 24

localized erythema, warmth, tenderness, lymphadenopathy

Question 25

What are differential diagnoses of inflammation?

Answer 25

infection vs inflammation. trauma, overuse, medications, DVT, cellulitis, rhabdomyolysis, immune disorders

Question 26

What are common SE of ACE inhibitors at high doses?

Answer 26

hypotension, cough, edema

Question 27

Clinical manifestations of sinusitis.

Answer 27

chronic nasal stuffiness or chronic respiratory illness

Question 28

Clinical manifestations of glaucoma

Answer 28

impaired vision or seeing holes around light

Question 29

Clinical manifestations of an optic pathway lesion (pituitary mass)

Answer 29

visual field defects

Question 30

Clinical manifestations of raised intracranial pressure

Answer 30

blurry vision on forward bending, morning headaches what improve when sitting up, double vision

Question 31

clinical manifestations of optic neuritis

Answer 31

sudden, sever, unilateral vision loss

Question 32

clinical manifestations of temporal arteritis

Answer 32

HA, fatigue, > 55, night sweats, generalized aches and pains

Question 33

clinical manifestations of pheochromocytoma

Answer 33

intermittent HA w/HTN

Question 34

What are two skin inflammations that can cause fever?

Answer 34

boils, abscess

Question 35

What are immunological diseases that can cause fever?

Answer 35

lupus, sarcoidosis, IBD, Kawasaki

Question 36

What types of tissue destruction can cause fever?

Answer 36

hemolysis, surgery, infarction, rhabdomyolysis, cerebral hemorrhage

Question 37

What types of cancers can cause fever?

Answer 37

kidney, leukemia, lymphomas

Question 38

What types of metabolic disorders can cause fever?

Answer 38

gout, porphyria

Question 39

What types of thrombo-embolic processes can cause fever?

Answer 39

pulmonary embolism, DVT

Question 40

What is the diagnostic approach to cough?

Answer 40

CBC, H pylori if h/o GERD, Sed rate, CXR, spirometry

Question 41

What is the treatment of cough?

Answer 41

antibiotics, corticosteroids

Question 42

What is the diagnostic approach to edema?

Answer 42

CBC, CMP, TSH, EKG, CXR

Question 43

What are the diagnostic approaches to weight loss?

Answer 43

CBC, CMP, TSH, A1C, UA, stool hemoccult, ESR, CXR

Question 44

What are the diagnostic approaches to vague neuro complaints?

Answer 44

CBC, CMP, TSH, UA, A1C, HCG, CXR, EKG, pulse ox

Question 45

What does bilateral inflammation suggest?

Answer 45

rhabdomyolysis, immune disorders

Question 46

What are the diagnostic approaches to inflammation?

Answer 46

CBC, sed rate, CMP, UA, plain films