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Anatomy NOTES > Day 2 > Flashcards

Day 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary curvature of the spine

A

Concave centrally: thoracic and sacral

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2
Q

Secondary curvature of the spine

A

Convex ventrally: cervical and lumbar

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3
Q

Subclavian artery is divided into three parts by the

A

Scale nous anterior muscle

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4
Q

First part of the subclavian artery

A 
Vertebral artery 
Thyrocervical artery: 
1. Inferior thyroid
2. Suprascapular
3. Superficial cervical 
Internal thoracic artery
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5
Q

2nd part of the subclavian artery

A

Costa cervical branch

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6
Q

Costal facets on the thoracic vertebral body articulates with

A

Head of the ribs

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7
Q

Contains the lateral horn

A

Thoracic and lumbar

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8
Q

Where fasciculus cuneatus is present

A

Cervical and thoracic only

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9
Q

Carries fibers for touch and pressure

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract

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10
Q

Pain and temperature

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

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11
Q

Lumbar puncture Layers to pass through

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia
Super spinous ligament
Inter spinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Epidural space
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid space
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12
Q

Vertebral levels most frequently involved in spins bifida occulta

A

L5-S1

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13
Q

How many spinal nerves supply the skin and muscles of the back?

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

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14
Q

Encircles the neck but splits to enclose the trapezius and the SCM

A

Investing layer or superficial cervical layer

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15
Q

3 layers of the cervical fascia

A
  1. Superficial cervical
  2. Pre tracheal
  3. Prevertebral
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16
Q

Thin layer attached to the laryngeal cartilages surrounding the thyroid (false capsule) and parathyroid glands, encloses infra hyoid muscles

A

Pre tracheal layer

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17
Q

Thick layer behind the pharynx and esophagus and in front of the Prevertebral muscles and vertebral colum

A

Prevertebral layer

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18
Q

Forms the fascia floor of the posterior triangle

A

Prevertebral layer

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19
Q

Extends laterally over the first rib into the axilla to form the Axillary sheath

A

Prevertebral layer

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20
Q

Carotid sheath components

A

Lateral: IJV
Medial: CCA, ICA
Posterior: VAgus nerve

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21
Q

Anatomical relationships of the retropharyngeal space

A

Lateral: carotid sheath
Anterior: pretracheal fascia
Posterior: Prevertebral fascia

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22
Q

Supra hyoid muscles

A

Digastric posterior and anterior bellies
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Genie hyoid

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23
Q

Infrahyoid superficial group

A

Omohyoid

Sternohyoid

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24
Q

Deep group infra hyoid muscles

A

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

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25
Q

All infra hyoid muscles are innervated by Anna cervical is except

A

Thyrohyoid (first cervical)

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26
Q

Divisions of the anterior neck triangle

A

Digastric
Sub mental
Carotid
Muscular

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27
Q

Boundaries of the sub mental triangle

A

Medially: midline
Laterally: anterior digastric
Inferior: hyoid bone
Base: milo hyoid

Contains sub mental LN

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28
Q

Boundaries of the carotid triangle

A

Superior: posterior digastric
Lateral: SCM
Inferior: superior belly of moo hyoid

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29
Q

Contents of the carotid traingle

A

CCA
IJV
Vagus nerves
Hypoglossal

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30
Q

Palpating of the carotid pulse is at?

A

Level of Superior border of the thyroid cartilage, beneath the border of the thyroid cartilage

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31
Q

BOundaries of the digastric/submandibular triangle

A

Superior oh: body of the mandible
Anterior: aNT digastric
Posterior: post digastric

Has submandibular gland, facial artery and vein pass through

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32
Q

Muscular triangle boundaries

A

Superiority hyoid bone
Medially midline of the neck
Superb lateral superior belly of Omohyoid, ate digastric
Inferno lateral SCM

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33
Q

Contents of the muscular triangle

A

No vessels
Larynx, thyroid, paraythyroid
Infrahyoid except omohyoid

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34
Q

Contents of the posterior triangle nerves

A

List

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35
Q

Contents of the posterior triangle arteries

A

Arteries:

  1. 3rd part subclavian
  2. Suprascapular
  3. Transverse cervical
  4. Occipital
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36
Q

Contents of the posterior triangle veins

A

Subclavian vein, external jugular vein

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37
Q

Nerve crossing the occipital triangle

A

Spinal accessory

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38
Q

`content of supraclavicular triangle

A

3rd part of the subclavian artery, crossed by EJV

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39
Q

Thyroid isthmus corresponds to which tracheal rings

A

2nd to 3rd

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40
Q

Pyramidal lobe usual location

A

Upward from the isthmus to the left of midline

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41
Q

Fibrous or muscular band connecting pyramidal lobe to hyoid

A

Lavatory glandular thyroid ERA

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42
Q

Blood supply of the thyroid

A

Superior from ECA

Inferior thyroid from tyrocervical trunk

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43
Q

Venous drainage of thyroid

A

Superior thyroid and middle thyroid from IJV

Inferior thyroid from brachii emphasis

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44
Q

Thyroidea I a artery is at midline to the isthmus and is from

A

Aortic arch

Brachiocephalis artery

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45
Q

Thyroid ND NASOPHARYNGEAL CA firs tmetastasize to this LN

A

C LN V

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46
Q

Larynx corresponds to what vertebral level

A

C4-c6

47
Q

The true vocal cords lie ____ to the cricothyroid ligament

A

Superior

48
Q

Vocal cord is mobile formed from the mucous membrane covering the ___________ which is from the ________

A

Vocal ligament from the cricothyroid ligament

49
Q

Vestibular cord is mobile formed from the mucous membrane covering the ___________ which is from the ________

A

Vestibular ligament which is from the quadrangular ligament inferior margin

50
Q

Nerve piercing the thyrohyoid membran

A

Superior laryngeal nerve: internal laryngeal

51
Q

With the superior thyroid artery and pierces the cricothyroid ligament

A

External laryngeal nerve

52
Q

All muscles of phonation is supplied by the inferior laryngeal nerve/recurrent laryngeal nerve except?

A

Cricothyroid supplied by the external laryngeal nerve

53
Q 
Functions of the following
Cricothyroid
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
A

Cricothyroid: tensor
Posterior cricoarytenoid: abductor
Lateral cricoarytenoid: adductor
Thyroarytenoid: relax or

54
Q

Depresses the mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid

55
Q

Inferior parathyroid comes from

Superior parathyroid comes from

A

3rd pharyngeal POUCH

4th Pharyngeal POUCH

56
Q

Ectopic parathyroid is frequently seen in the

A

Superior mediastinum

57
Q

Most common form of esophageal atresia

A

Esophageal atresia with TEF at the distal end

58
Q

Forms the Ana’s cervicalis

A

CI-C3, hypo glossary nerve

59
Q 
Relationships of the phrenic nerve 
Subclavian vein
Subclavian artery
Brachial plexus
common carotid artery 
Scalene anterior muscle
A 
Subclavian vein: posterior
Subclavian artery: anteior
Brachial plexus: superficial
common carotid artery: lateral
Scalene anterior muscle: superficial
60
Q

STERNAL angle of Louie

A

Attached to the 2nd costal cartilage

Lower order of T4, upper border of t5

61
Q

Xiphoid verterbae is opposite what vertebral level?

A

T9

62
Q

Eternal angle of Louie

A

Arch of the aorta starts and ends
Trachea bifurcates into bronchi
Azygous vein drains into the SVC

63
Q

Phrenic nerve is in the _________ mediastinum

Vagus is in the _________ mediastinum

A

Middle inferior mediastinum

Posterior inferior medistinum

64
Q

DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by the absence of

A

Thymus and parathyroid glands

65
Q

Location of the pericardium

A

T5-T8 vertebrae
2nd to 6th costal cartilage
Posterior to stern all body

66
Q

Site of pericardiocentesis

A

Left xiphocostal angle

67
Q

Normal weight of the heart in males and female

A

Males: 280-340
Females: 230-280

68
Q

Supplies the left atrium and ventricle

A

Left circumflex artery

69
Q

Supplies the interventricular septum and apex

A

Anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

70
Q

Right ventricle is supplie by

A

Ant interventricular artery and marginal branch of right coronary

71
Q

Right atrium is supplied by

A

Right coronary artery

72
Q

Pericardiocentesis site

A

Left 5th or 6th ICS near the sternum

73
Q

Primitive atrium becomes

A

Left atrium

74
Q

Sinus venous becomes R horn: L horn:

A

R horn: R Atrium

L horn: coronary sinus

75
Q

Primitive ventricle

A

Left ventricle

76
Q

Bulbous corgis

A

R ventricle

77
Q

Truncus arteriosus becomes

A

Pulmonary trunk and root of the aorta

78
Q

Umbilical vein, left

A

Ligamentum Teres

79
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

80
Q

Umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligament

81
Q

Urachus

A

Median umbilical ligament

82
Q

Foramen ovals

A

Fossa oval is

83
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

84
Q

First pair of aortic arch

A

Maxillary arteries

85
Q

Second pair of aortic arch

A

Stapedial arteries

86
Q

Third pair of aortic arch

A

CCA

ICA

87
Q

FOURCH PAIR OF AORTIC ARCH

A

Left: arch of aorta
Right: proximal right subclavian artery

88
Q

Fifth pair of aortic arches

A

No derivative

89
Q

Sixth pair of aortic arch LEFT

A

Proximal: left pulmonary artery
Distal: ductus arteriosus

90
Q

Sixth pair of aortic arch right

A

Proximal: right pulmonary artery
Distal: degenerates

91
Q

This becomes your portal system

A

Vitelline/omphalomesenteric vein

92
Q

Becomes the caval system

A

Cardinal veins

93
Q

Nerve supply of the parietal pleura

A

Intercostal and phrenic nerves

94
Q

The posterior IC artery is the branch of?

A

First two: superior intercostal of the costocervical trunk

The rest: descending aorta

95
Q

Anterior IC artery is from

A

First 6: internal thoracic artery

The rest: musculophrenic artery

96
Q

Posterior IC vein drains into the

A

Azygous, hemiazygous

97
Q

Anterior IC vein

A

Internal thoracic vein

98
Q

Site of thoracentesis

A

8th ICS MAL, above the rib

99
Q

Lining of the bronchioles

A

PSCCE with goblet cells

100
Q

Lining of terminal bronchiole

A

Simple columnar

101
Q

Lining of the respiratory bronchiole

A

Simple cuboidal

102
Q

Alveolar duct

A

Simple squamous

103
Q

Difference of bronchus from other bronchioles

A

Has cartilage, has glands

104
Q

Nerve supply of the breast

A

4th to 6th intercostal nerves

105
Q

The diaphragm arises fr0m the xiphoid process, lower six costal cartilages and
Left crus:
Right crus:

A

left: L1-L2
RIGHt: L1-l3

106
Q

Lateral and central quadrants of the breast drain into the

A

Axillary lymph nodes

107
Q

Medial quadrants drain to the

A

Parasternla lymph nodes

108
Q

Inferior of the Breast drains into the

A

Subdiaphragmatic, inferior phrenic lymph nodes

109
Q

Sensory supply of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic for central portion

Peripheral portion is intercostal nerves

110
Q

The brachiocephalic vein is from

A

IJV AND SUBCLAVIAN vein

111
Q

R and left brachiocephalic vein unite to form the SVC at the

A

Right 1st costal cartilage, inferior border

112
Q

Subclavian catherization approach and location of insertion of needle

A

Infraclavicular approach

Inserted at the inferior edge of the clavicle at 2 to 4 cm from the midpoint and advanced towards the stern all notch

113
Q

Internal jugular catherization insertion site

A

At the apex of the lesser supraclavicular fossa or heads of the SCM and clavicle

Anatomy NOTES (3 decks)

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