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Day 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Primary Hemostasis

A

Process in which platelets adhere to exposed collagen in the vessel wall.

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2
Q

Secondary Hemostasis

A

Process in which enzymatic activation of coagulation proteins produce fibrin from fibrinogen

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3
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

When a damaged blood vessel contracts to decrease blood flow

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4
Q

Factor I

A

Precursor of fibrin ; Fibrinogen

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5
Q

Prothrombin

A

This factor is the most abundant on the vitamin K dependent clotting proteins (Factor II)

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6
Q

Factor III

A

This factor converts prothrombin to thrombin. Found in all body tissues (Tissue Thromboplastin)

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7
Q

Ionized Calcium

A

Helps activate Thromboplastin and convert prothrombin to thrombin (Factor IV)

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8
Q

Factor V

A

A factor that is easily altered by heat, and is necessary to convert prothrombin to thrombin (Proaccelerin or Labile Factor)

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9
Q

Proconvertin or Stable Factor

A

This factor is not destroyed or consumed in the clotting process, essential only to the extrinsic pathway

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10
Q

Factor VIII

A

Deficiency of this factor causes Hemophilia A and Von Willebrand’s disease (Antihemophilic Factor)

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11
Q

Plasma Thrombin Component

A

Absence of this factor causes Hemophilia B (Factor IX)

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12
Q

Factor XII

A

This factor can be found in serum or plasma, it can become active with contact with glass (Hageman Factor)

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13
Q

Fibrin Stabilizing Factor

A

This factor stabilizes the fibrin clot and is important in tissue growth and repair (Factor XIII)

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14
Q

Fletcher Factor

A

This factor activates plasminogen (Prekallikrein)

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15
Q

___________ is the term for lushes of a fibrin clot

A

Fibrinolysis

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16
Q

If coagulation is increased then fibrinolysis will be __________

A

Increased

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17
Q

What is the active enzyme responsible for digesting fibrin?

A

Plasmin

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18
Q

Can plasmin normally be found in circulating blood?

A

No

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19
Q

What is the non active form of plasmin, and what converts it to its active form(plasmin)?

A

Plasminogen; Enzyme activators

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20
Q

What removes waste products of fibrinolysis from the blood?

A

Reticuloendothelial System (RES)

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21
Q

What anticoagulant therapy is naturally present in the body in low concentrations?

A

Heparin

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22
Q

What cell(s) in the body produce heparin?

A

Mast cells & basophils

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23
Q

Where is heparin artificially derived from?

A

Mucosal tissues of pig intestines (porcine) and cow lung(bovine)

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24
Q

What are the differences between unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin?

A

UNFRACTIONATED

  • 12,000-13,000 daltons
  • Administered by IV and subcutaneous

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN

  • prepared from unfractionated heparin
  • 5,000 daltons
  • Administered subcutaneously
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25
Can heparin destroy pre existing clots?
No
26
How does heparin prevent clots from forming or continuing to grow?
Heparin bound to anti-thrombin irreversibly binds to factors XIIa, XIa, Xa, IXa and II; inhibits their kids
27
What factors does heparin affect?
XII, XI, X, IX, II
28
What is the half-life of heparin and how is heparin therapy monitored?
4 hours; monitored with APTT
29
How does Coumadin prohibit clots from forming?
Interferes with the recycling of vitamin K
30
What factors does Coumadin have an effect on ?
II, VII, IX, X
31
What factor is the most affected by Coumadin, and why?
VII, has the shortest half-life
32
What is the half-life of Coumadin, and how is Coumadin therapy monitored?
31-58 hours ; PT and INR
33
How long does it take for Coumadin to maintain a stable anticoagulant effect?
5-7 days
34
What other drugs can adversely affect Coumadin therapy?
Aspirin, Barbiturates, oral hypoglycemic agents and anti-inflammatory drugs
35
What are the three stages of the complex mechanism of coagulation?
- Generation of Thromboplastic activity - Generation of Thrombin - Generation of Fibrinogen to Fibrin
36
Thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombin
Generation of Thrombin
37
Fibrin clot formed
Conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin
38
Prepares for the conversation of prothrombin to thrombin
Generation of Thromboplastic Activity
39
what does it mean when a Factor has an “a” after the Roman number?
That the Factor has be activated
40
Factors that are not found in the blood
Extrinsic
41
Which factor activates Factor X?
Factor VIIa
42
which factor begins the coagulation cascade?
Factor XII (contact factor)
43
Factor I in the presence of __________, is converted to fibrin in the presence of Factor _____.
Thrombin; XIII
44
_____________ is converted to Thrombin
Prothrombin
45
Thrombin aids in converting ______________ to ________ and clot is formed: Fibrinogen>Thrombin>Fibrin
Fibrinogen; Fibrin
46
What is the result of converting fibrinogen to fibrin?
Formation of a fibrin clot
47
After a period of time what happens to the clot ?
The clot retracts
48
What maintains equilibrium in the body?
Fibrinolytic system
49
What is the active(proteolytic) enzyme responsible for digesting fibrin?
Plasmin
50
True or False | Heparin is naturally present in the body in high concentrations.
False; low concentrations
51
When would Therapeutic drug monitoring be necessary?
In patients with unusual low or high body weight, renal failure, pediatric patients with medical conditions that may influence heparin metabolism
52
Heparin binds with the enzyme inhibitor ______________.
anti-thrombin
53
What has a half life of 4 hours?
Heparin
54
____________ must be present for heparin to work.
Anti-Thrombin
55
_______________ facilitates the binding and acceleration of the action of carboxylase.
Vitamin K
56
Carboxylase adds a carboxyl group onto which factors?
II, VII, IX, and X
57
True or False | Coumadin is a true anticoagulant.
False , Coumadin is NOTa true anticoagulant
58
How is Coumadin taken?
Oral administration
59
How is Coumadin therapy monitored?
With PT and INR
60
One ___________ molecule can be reused for ____________ of multiple molecules.
Vitamin K; carboxylation

Coag (4 decks)

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