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Day 2 Review Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is CAD?

A

Coronary artery disease

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2
Q

What other past histories would suggest that a pt has a PMHx of CAD?

A

MI, CABG, cardiac stents, angioplasty, angina

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3
Q

Does a PMHx of a stroke mean you have CAD?

A

No

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4
Q

What is an MI?

A

Myocardial infarction. Heart attack

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5
Q

What are the risk factors for an MI?

A

CAD, HTN, DM, smoker, dyslipidemia, FHx of CAD <55yo

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6
Q

What would be the CC of someone with an MI?

A

Chest pain or pressure

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7
Q

What are associated symptoms of an MI?

A

SOB, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting

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8
Q

What are 2 ways an MI can be diagnosed?

A

EKG, elevated troponin

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9
Q

What is CHF?

A

Congestive heart failure

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10
Q

What could be a CC of a person with CHF?

A

Shortness of breath, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, DOE

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11
Q

What are some associated symptoms for CHF?

A

Pedal edema, JVD

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12
Q

What 2 studies would diagnose CHF?

A

CXR or elevated BNP

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13
Q

What is Afib?

A

Atrial fibrillation.

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14
Q

What might someone feel with Afib?

A

Palpitations

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15
Q

How is Afib diagnosed?

A

EKG

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16
Q

Is someone has a PMHx of Afib or CHF, does that mean they also have CAD?

A

No.

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17
Q

What is PE?

A

Pulmonary embolism or physical exam

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18
Q

What could be the CC of someone with a PE?

A

Chest pain, SOB

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19
Q

What are risk factors for a PE?

A

DVT, PMHx of DVT or PE, smoking, cancer, BCP, FHx, pregnancy, immobility, recent surgery

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20
Q

What study would diagnose PE?

A

CTA Chest or VQ scan

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21
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Collapsed lung

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of a PTX

A

Trauma

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23
Q

How is a PTX diagnosed?

A

CXR

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24
Q

What is COPD?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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25
What social history will most COPD patients also have?
Smoking
26
What is asthma?
Bronchospasm constricting the airway
27
What physical exam finding closely associates with asthma?
Wheezing
28
What is PNA?
Pneumonia
29
What might a person with PNA complain of?
SOB, productive cough with fever, cough with sputum, chest pain
30
How is PNA diagnosed?
CXR
31
What are the 7 areas of the abdomen?
Epigastrium, periumbilical, suprapubic, RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
32
What is the laymen's term for GERD?
Acid reflux
33
What might someone with GERD complain of?
Burning epigastric pain that is improved with antacids.
34
What else might we have to r/o with GERD?
MI or other cardiac diagnoses
35
What does bile do and where is it stored?
It breaks down fats and is stored in the gallbladder.
36
What is the difference between cholelithiasis and cholecystitis?
The first is gallstones and the second is inflammation of the gallbladder.
37
What might be the chief complaint of a person with gallstones?
RUQ pain after eating a fatty meal.
38
He are gallstones diagnosed?
Abdominal US, ruq
39
What might a person with appendicitis complain of?
RLQ pain. Gradual onset, constant pain worsened with movement.
40
What are associated symptoms of appendicitis?
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
41
How is appendicitis diagnosed?
CT A/P with PO contrast
42
What would someone with pancreatitis complain of?
LUQ, epigastric pain
43
How is pancreatitis diagnosed?
Elevated lipase
44
Name four possible CCs for a GI bleed.
Hematemesis, coffee ground emetics, hematochezia, melena
45
How is a GI bleed diagnosed in the ED?
Heme positive or Guaiac positive stool
46
What are we worried about for someone with a GI bleed?
Anemia
47
What is the pre-existing condition you must have before you can get diverticulitis?
Diverticulosis
48
What will be the CC for someone with diverticulitis?
LLQ pain
49
What studies would diagnose diverticulitis?
CT A/P with PO contrast
50
What is an SBO?
Small bowel obstruction
51
What might a person with an SBO complain of?
Abd pain, vomiting | Distention, bloating, no BMs, small amounts of diarrhea
52
How is a SBO diagnosed?
CT A/P with PO contrast
53
What is a UTI?
Urinary tract infection
54
What is pyelo?
Pyelonephritis
55
What will be the CC of someone with a UTI?
Dysuria
56
What pain would suggest pyelo?
Flank pain
57
How is a UTI diagnosed?
Urine dip or unrinalysis
58
War might someone with kidney stones complain of?
Flank pain, sudden onset, radiating to groin
59
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
A pregnancy outside the uterus, usually in the Fallopian tubes.
60
How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?
US pelvis
61
What is ovarian torsion?
The ovarian arteries get twisted reducing the blood flow to the ovaries..
62
How is ovarian torsion diagnosed?
US pelvis
63
How is testicular torsion diagnosed?
US scrotum
64
What are the two types of CVA
Hemorrhagic and ischemic
65
What sx might a person with a brain bleed complain of?
Sudden onset headache. Thunderclap or worst of life headache.
66
What study would diagnose a brain bleed?
LP or CT head
67
What sx might a person with a ischemic CVA complain of?
Unilateral focal neurological deficits, one sided weakness/numbness or changes in vision speech
68
How is an ischemic CVA diagnosed?
Clinically, potentially normal CT head
69
What is a TIA?
Transient ischemic attack
70
He does a TIA differ from a CVA?
With a TIA Neurological function is regained with time. Usually lasts less than an hour.
71
What is a common cause for seizures in children?
Fever, especially sudden spike.
72
What is the name of the state after a seizure?
Post-ictal
73
What are three symptoms of meningitis?
Fever, headache, neck stiffness, neck pain, AMS
74
What study would diagnose meningitis?
LP
75
What are 4 important things to document for syncopal episodes?
What happened prior, during and after the episode as well as how the pt feels now.
76
What are four causes of AMS?
diabetes, dementia, EtOH, drug use, UTI in elderly pt,
77
How is AMS different from a focal neuro deficit?
FND occurs on one side of the body or to a specific systems while AMS happens to the whole body.
78
What is a DVT?
Deep vein thrombosis
79
What are the risk factors for a DVT?
PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, recent surgery, cancer, immobility, pregnancy, BCP, smoking, LE trauma, LE casts
80
What are common signs of a DVT?
Extremity pain and swelling, usually in a lower extremity, calf tenderness,
81
What is an AAA?
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
82
What is an aortic dissection?
Where the aorta pulls away from the abdominal wall
83
What are three symptoms of cellulitis?
Red, swollen and sometimes warm area of skin
84
How is an abscess different from cellulitis?
Pus pocket
85
What is the name of the procedure that will be performed for every abscess?
Incision and drainage
86
What is the main concern with an allergic reaction?
Anaphylactic shock, the airway closing, respiratory failure
87
What are the only three symptoms of a true allergic reaction?
Rash, itching, swelling

Medicine (7 decks)

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