Day 4

Question 1

PNS is made up of…

Answer 1

Everything outside the CNS

Question 2

The PNS id the primary connection of the outside world to the…

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

What are the receptors?

Answer 3

Stimuli (specific), sensation vs perception and classification

Question 4

Stimuli

Answer 4

Sensory receptors are specialized to respond to changes in their environment

Question 5

Sensation

Answer 5

Awareness of the stimuli

Question 6

Perception

Answer 6

Interpretation of the meaning of the stimulus

Question 7

Mechanoreceptor

Answer 7

Respond to mechanical force such as touch, pressure (including BP), vibration and stretch

Question 8

Thermoreceptor

Answer 8

Respond to temperature changes: hot or cold

Question 9

Photoreceptor

Answer 9

Electromagnetic waves or light injury, retina of the eye, respond to light

Question 10

Chemoreceptor

Answer 10

Responds to chemicals in a solution (molecules smelled or tasted), molecules, oxygen

Question 11

Nociceptor

Answer 11

Respond to potential pain (searing heat, extreme cold, excessive pressure)

Question 12

Exteroceptors

Answer 12

Respond to stimuli from outside the body, includes pain, pressure, touch, temperature, smell and taste

Question 13

Classification by location

Answer 13

Exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors

Question 14

Classification by stimulus type

Answer 14

Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors and nociceptors

Question 15

Interoceptors

Answer 15

Respond to stimuli inside the body, includes blood vessels, tissue stretch, internal organs

Question 16

Proprioceptors

Answer 16

From muscle, tendon and ligament, and advises and body movement (standing)

Question 17

Complexity

Answer 17

Simple and complex

Question 18

Simple:

Answer 18

Most abundant

Question 19

Free nerve endings:

Answer 19

Throughout the body

Question 20

Free nerve endings respond to…

Answer 20

Painful stimuli and changes in temperature

Question 21

Free nerve endings stimulus…

Answer 21

Comes in direct contact with the receptor

Question 22

Encapsulated definition

Answer 22

Where the stimulus never touches the receptor

Question 23

What are the different types of simple?

Answer 23

Free nerve endings and encapsulated

Question 24

Encapsulated is the most…

Answer 24

Mechanoreceptor

Question 25

Free nerve ending examples:

Answer 25

Merkel disc and hair follicle

Question 26

Encapsulated examples:

Answer 26

Muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

Question 27

Complex:

Answer 27

Eye (special senses)

Question 28

Sensory organization

Answer 28

Receptor level, circuit level and perceptual level

Question 29

Receptor level specificity

Answer 29

The stimulus must match the specificity of the receptor. Ex: A touch receptor must be sensitive to mechanical pressure, stretch and vibration. The more complex the sensory receptor, the more specific it is.

Question 30

Receptor level receptive field

Answer 30

The area the receptor monitors. The smaller the receptive field, the greater the ability of the brain to accurately localize the stimulus site

Question 31

Receptor level transduction definition

Answer 31

The stimulus energy must be converted into the energy of a graded potential

Question 31

Receptor level generator potential

Answer 31

It generates action potentials in a sensory neuron

Question 31

Receptor level receptor potential

Answer 31

When the receptor is a separate cell (most special senses) because it occurs in a separate receptor cell

Question 32

Receptor level adaption

Answer 32

A change in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus . Ex: walking into a bright room, your photoreceptors quickly adapt

Question 32

Detection

Answer 32

Being able to detect a stimulus that has occurred

Question 32

Magnitude

Answer 32

Being able to detect how intense the stimulus is

Question 32

Receptor level phasic receptors

Answer 32

Fast adapting

Question 32

Receptor level tonic receptors

Answer 32

Provide a slow response with little or no adaptation

Question 32

Circuit level

Answer 32

Processing in ascending. Reflexes, thalamus, cerebellum and cortex. Spinothalamic, dorsal column-medial lemniscal and spinocerebellar)

Question 33

Perceptual level

Answer 33

Detection (sensation), magnitude, spatial discrimination, quality discrimination (submodalities) and pattern recognition

Question 34

Quality discrimination

Answer 34

The ability to differentiate the submodalities of a particular sensation. Ex: for tatse, its submodalities include sweet and bitter

Question 35

Spatial discrimination

Answer 35

Allows us to identify the site or pattern of stimulation

Question 36

Pattern recognition

Answer 36

The ability to take the scene around us and recognize a familiar pattern.

Question 37

Anatomy of a nerve

Answer 37

1) Bundles of axons 2) Endoneurium 3) Perineurium (fascicles) 4) Epineurium