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CNS > Day 4/5 > Flashcards

Day 4/5 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What new flexure is formed after secondary brain vesicles form?

A

pontine flexure, between myelencephalon and metencephalon, part of the rhombencephalon

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2
Q

What structures form in the telecephalon?

A

cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

What cavities form from between the cerebral hemispheres?

A

lateral ventricles
- 1st and 2nd ventricles

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4
Q

What structures form from the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

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5
Q

What cavity is formed from the diencephalon?

A

3rd ventricle

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6
Q

What structure is formed from the mesencephalon?

A

midbrain

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7
Q

What cavity is formed from the mesencephalon?

A

cerebral aqueduct
- connection between 3rd/4th ventricles

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8
Q

What structures form from the metencephalon?

A

pons and cerebellum

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9
Q

What cavity forms from the metencephalon?

A

4th ventricle
- space

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10
Q

What structures form from the myelencephalon?

A

medulla oblongata

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11
Q

What cavities form from the myelencephalon?

A

4th ventricle, central canal (goes all the way down the spinal cord)

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12
Q

The brain is what percentage of your body weight at birth?

A

10%

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13
Q

What percentage of oxygen is metabolized by the brain at birth?

A

60%

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14
Q

How much bigger does the brain get from size at birth to size in adulthood?

A

quadruples in size

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15
Q

What percentage of body weight does the brain make up in adulthood?

A

2-2.5%

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16
Q

How much oxygen is metabolized in the brain during adulthood?

A

20%

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17
Q

What happens in the brain from birth to 1 year?

A
  • brain will triple in size
  • 34 cm -> 46 cm
  • neurons still being produced
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18
Q

What happens in the 8th week after birth?

A

responds to cutaneous stimuli

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19
Q

What happens in the 12th week after birth?

A

spontaneously active

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20
Q

What happens in the 12th week after birth?

A

can grasp (reflex)

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21
Q

What do neural tube cells give rise to?

A

CNS cells

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22
Q

What are specific cells within the neural tube?

A
  • glial cells
  • neurons
  • ependymal cells
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23
Q

What cell classification do glial cells, neurons, and ependymal cells have?

A

neuroepithelial cells

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24
Q

What structure gives rise to PNS cells?

A

neural crest

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25
What is the glial cells main function?
"nerve glue", forms functional connective tissue
26
What are 2 subdivisions of glial cells?
astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
27
Which is more numerous, glial cells or neurons?
many times more glial cells than neurons
28
What cell is the most numerous in the adult CNS?
astrocytes
29
Can astrocytes move around?
some mobility potential, only in the result of CNS injury (stroke)
30
What are the 2 types of astrocytes?
- protoplasmic - fibrillar
31
Where do you find protoplasmic astrocytes?
gray matter
32
Where do you find fibrillar astrocytes?
white matter
33
What are the functions of astrocytes?
- structural support - form "scar-like" tissue following CNS injury - neurotransmitter influence - BBB
34
Why can Ach have one function in one part of the body and another function in a different part of the body?
because of neurotransmitter influence, astrocytes are able to distinguish functions in Ach to perform different actions
35
What is the BBB?
- blood brain barrier - prevents substances from mixing between CNS and blood
36
What are some astrocytes referred to as?
radial glia
37
Where are radial glia present?
during development
38
What are radial glia cells functions?
- help guide growing neuron fibers - ensure developing neurons connect to correct things
39
Are oligodendrocytes more or less numerous than astrocytes?
less numerous
40
What are the types of oligodendrocytes?
perineuronal and interfascicular
41
Where are perineuronal cells located?
gray matter
42
What are perineuronal cells function?
nourish neurons
43
Where are interfascicular cells found?
white matter
44
What are interfascicular cells function?
form myelin around axons in the CNS
45
What cells form myelin around axons in the PNS?
schwann cells
46
Where are ependymal cells located?
line hollow parts of the CNS (ventricles)
47
What are ependymal cells function?
form choroid plexus
48
What is the choroid plexuses function?
secrete CSF
49
What are tanycytes?
barrier between 3rd and 4th ventricles and adjacents organs
50
What does "-oma" mean?
tumor
51
What is a glioblastoma?
- arise from glioblasts (undifferentiated glial cells)
52
What is the most common primary brain tumor?
glioblastoma
53
What is an ependymoma?
- tumor involving ependymal cells - hollow parts of CNS - inhibits removal of CSF in choroid plexus
54
What is hydrocephalus?
build up of CSF, more common in younger individuals (before 8 years old)
55
Where do microglia originate?
mesoderm
56
Are microglia big or small?
tiny, with many processes
57
What do microglia transform into?
macrophages, they're phagocytic and devour infected cells
58
What process do microglia cells mediate?
immune responses only in the CNS
59
Where do neuroblasts arise from?
neural tube
60
What do neuroblasts become?
neurons
61
Do neuroblasts divide?
little mitosis, so barely
62
What do neuroblasts depend on?
glial cells (radial glia)
63
What are negative effects on neuroblasts?
radiation and alcohol exposure
64
How many dendrites can unipolar neurons have?
1
65
How many dendrites can bipolar neurons have?
2
66
How many dendrites can multipolar neurons have?
4+
67
Sensory neurons..
toward CNS
68
motor neurons..
away from CNS
69
Where are the internuncial neurons located?
entirely inside CNS
69
Each neuron can only have how many axons?
1, number of dendrites is variable

CNS (4 decks)

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