Day Two Theory- fermentation, distillation, vodka and gin

Question 1

When did the commercial distillation of liquor begin?

Answer 1

Middle of the 8th Century

Question 2

What part of the world was distillation began?

Answer 2

Arabic

Question 3

In what century did distillation make it to Europe and who was responsible for this?

Answer 3

12th Century

The Moors, nomadic warring people

Question 4

Why was alcohol originally produced?

Answer 4

Medicinal purposes

Question 5

Who were the first to succeed in refining distillates by introducing a second distillation?

Answer 5

The Dutch

Question 6

What year was the column still invented?

Answer 6

1831

Question 7

Who created the column still in 1831?

Answer 7

Aeneas Coffey

Question 8

What was the purpose of the column still?

Answer 8

To increase the percentage of alcohol in distilled liquors and additionally segregate all waste products

Question 9

Why is the process of distillation necessary?

Answer 9

Distil the alcoholic fluid known as the mash (aka wash) to separate the alcohol and water

Question 10

What is the boiling temperature of alcohol?

Answer 10

78.3 degrees C

Question 11

What temperature is the mash heated between in distillation?

Answer 11

78.3-100 degrees C

Question 12

Advantage of pot distillation

Answer 12

When you want to preserve the taste nuanced of the fermented crop, as for example whiskey and brandy

Question 13

Disadvantage of a pot distillation

Answer 13

More expensive and time consuming

Question 14

Three different kinds of pot still

Answer 14

Pot Still
Alambic/ Alambic Charentaise
Alambic d’Armagnac

Question 15

Advantage of a column still (1831- Coffey)

Answer 15

Makes more product, continuous product and more economic

Question 16

Disadvantage of column still

Answer 16

Less character in spirit compared to pot still

Question 17

VODKA

which two countries are said to have created vodka?

Answer 17

Russia and Poland

Question 18

What was medicinal vodka called?

English and Russian

Answer 18

Zhiznennia Voda

The Water of Life

Question 19

Who discovered charcoal filtration?

Answer 19

Theodore Lowitz (1780)

Question 20

What did Theodore Lowitz discover and when?

Answer 20

Charcoal filtration in 1780

Question 21

What effect does charcoal filtration have on vodka?

Answer 21

Milder and softer

Question 22

Who made vodka successful in America?

Answer 22

John Gilbert Martin

Question 23

Dates of prohibition in America?

Answer 23

1920-1933

Question 24

When did vodka begin in Scandanavia? (What Century?)

Answer 24

1400s

Question 25

Who was the founder of absolut?

Answer 25

Lars Olson Smith

Question 26

What cocktail made vodka successful in America?

Answer 26

Moscow Mule

Question 27

What are the two ingredients you can use to produce vodka?

Answer 27

Grain and potatoes

Question 28

What percentage of vodka is made from grain?

Answer 28

90%

Question 29

What are the two most common grain used in the production of vodka?

Answer 29

Wheat and rye

Question 30

What are the two main classifications for vodka?

Answer 30

Eastern European | Western World

Question 31

Classic vodka brands

Answer 31

``` Absolut Smirnoff Red Smirnoff Black Stolichnaya Stoli Elite Skyy Vodka Grey Goose Zubrowka ```

Question 32

When was gin (or the predecessor) first produced?

Answer 32

1570s

Question 33

Who first produced gin?

Answer 33

Professor Sylvius de Bourve

Question 34

What is Genever?

Answer 34

Mash mixed with juniper berries | A more aromatic precursor to gin

Question 35

What was the nickname given to gin and why?

Answer 35

Dutch courage The Dutch drank it before battle in a time when England and Holland were fighting France (meaning brandy etc couldn't be imported)

Question 36

When was the Gordons distillery built and by who?

Answer 36

Alexander Gordon, in 1769

Question 37

What is pink gin? And what was it thought to prevent?

Answer 37

Gin and angostura bitters | Cure stomach disorders

Question 38

What is a gimlet? And what was it thought to prevent?

Answer 38

Gin and lime juice | Prevent scurvy

Question 39

And what was gin and tonic thought to prevent?

Answer 39

Malaria

Question 40

How is gin distilled?

Answer 40

Column distilled

Question 41

Name 4 botanicals used in gin

Answer 41

Juniper berries Coriander Lemon zest Angelica root

Question 42

What does EU registration require to classify gin?

Answer 42

Juniper berries to be the predominant ingredient

Question 43

What are the 3 methods of distillation/adding flavour to gin?

Answer 43

Cold compounding (blended gin) Distilled gin (botanicals added to column distilled spirits then re-distilled in a pot still) Flavour-extracted gin (racked or flavour infusion) (basket)

Question 44

4 classifications of gin

Answer 44

London dry Plymouth dry Old Tom Genever

Question 45

Fact about London Dry

Answer 45

'London dry' refers to a method of production - not to a geographical location

Question 46

Fact about Plymouth dry

Answer 46

Gin must be produced in Plymouth Not as dry but has a sharper, richer taste of juniper berries

Question 47

Fact about Old Tom gin

Answer 47

Sweeter- originally to conceal impurities from pure distillation Preferred during the 1700s

Question 48

Fact about Genever

Answer 48

Produced by grain, rye and malted barley More aromatic Oude (stronger flavour) Junge (softer flavour)

Question 49

Brands of gin

Answer 49

``` Beefeater Gordon's Bombay Sapphire Tanqueray Hayman's Old Tom Hendricks ```

Question 50

How many botanicals in Hendricks?

Answer 50

11

Question 51

Two unusual additions to the junipers in Hendricks?

Answer 51

Cucumber and rose petals

Question 52

What three ingredients are needed to produce liquor? (Fermentation)

Answer 52

Yeast Sugar Water