Exam Answers Flashcards
1
Q
What 3 things are needed in fermentation?
A
Yeast sugar and water
2
Q
What is the fermented liquid called
A
Mash
3
Q
how do we separate alcohol and water?
A
Distillation
4
Q
What is the temperature for distillation?
A
78.3 degrees C
5
Q
Why was alcohol originally developed?
A
Medicinal purposes
6
Q
Name two potstilled spirits
A
Whisky and Brandy
7
Q
What happened in 1831?
A
Aeneas Coffey designed the Column still
8
Q
What are pot stills normally made from?
A
Copper
9
Q
Name two types of pot still
A
Alambic Charentasie
Alambic D’Armagnac
10
Q
Two column distilled spirits?
A
Vodka and light rum
11
Q
Maximum percentage in a column still?
A
96%
12
Q
What is another term for alcohol?
A
ABV Alcohol by Volume
13
Q
What does Vodka mean?
A
Little Water
14
Q
What does Zizhnennia Voda mean?
A
The water of life
15
Q
Which two countries have the main historical links to vodka?
A
Poland and Russia
16
Q
How is Vodka distilled?
A
Column distillation
17
Q
Who discovered charcoal filtration?
A
Theodore Lowitz
18
Q
Which brand of vodka dont use charcoal filtration?
A
Absolut
19
Q
Where was Theodore Lowitz from?
A
Russia
20
Q
Who appears on all bottles of Absolut?
A
Lars Olsen Smith
21
Q
What was Absolut known as before it became vodka?
A
Brannvin
22
Q
Who made Vodka successful in the Western World? (and how?)
A
John Gilbert Martin (Moscow Mule)
23
Q
What percentage of vodka is made from grain?
A
90%
24
Q
What are the two categories of vodka?
A
Eastern European and Western World
25
Two examples of Eastern European Vodka?
Belvedere
| Smirnoff
26
Two examples of Western World Vodka?
Skyy
| Grey Goose
27
Who first made gin in the 1570s?
Prof Sylvius de Bouvre
28
What two countries can genever only be produced in?
belgium and the Netherlands
29
Who named genever 'gin'?
The british
30
How much gin was drank in the gin craze?
approx 53l per person per year
31
What does EU law state about the production of gin?
Juniper berries must be the predominant ingredient
32
What are the two main botanicals in hendricks?
Cucmber and rose petals
33
3 methods of making gin
Cold compounding
Pot distilling
Flavour extraction
34
Where does the name rum come from?
Rumbullion - righteous old time
35
What year did columbus discover the carribean and what did he bring with him?
1492 - sugar cane
36
What caused an increase in rum production?
reduction in price of sugar as prodcution levels increased
| and column distillation reached the carribean in 1848 thanks to the spaniards meaning more rum could be produced
37
What is the difference between rhum agricole and rhum industrielle?
```
Agricole = pressed sugar cane
Industrielle = molasses
```
38
What is molasses?
byproduct of sugarcane production
39
What was the nickname for the people who smuggled rum into the US in the prohibition?
Rum runners
40
How would you get a more aromatic rum?
pot distill it
41
When was bacardi founded?
1862 by Facundo Bacardi
42
What is the percentage of spirit lost in the aging process known as and how does it differ in different climates?
The Angel's share
- Change in temperature encourages a more drastic expanding and contracting = more spirit lost = 3x faster aging in a carribean climate
43
How much cachaca is sold per year on the brazillian market?
2 billion bottles
44
What is cachaca
made from sugar cane, similar to rhum agricole
45
Who was drinking the pulque over 3000 years ago?
The Olmecs
46
what does Mescal mean and how does it differ from tequila?
Agave heart and tequila is essentially region specific mescal - must be made from agave in a particular region whereas mescal has less laws
47
What are 3 types of tequila?
Blanco (unaged) Reposado (rested) and Anejo (aged)
48
What was the original name of agave?
Maguey
49
What is the scientific name given to the agave used to make tequila?
Agave Azul Tequilana Weber
50
What is harvested agave known as?
Pina
51
What is the name given to fermented nectar of agave?
Pulque
52
How many times is tequila distilled?
Twice
53
What was originally used to make pot stills?
Clay
54
What is the minimum ABV in liqueuers in EU law?
15%
55
How were liqueurs originally made?
Herbs in neutral spirits
56
What are the two types of bitters and two examples of each?
Aromatic - angostura and Fee Brothers
Sweetened - Fernet Branca, Jagermeister
57
What are arguably the most famous bitters?
Angostura (Dr Siegrt's creation)
58
Where is Drambuie from and what is it sweetened with?
Scotland
| Honey Heather
59
Name 3 nutty liqueurs
Frangelico
Kahlua
Malibu
60
Name 2 emulsion liqueurs
Baileys
| Amarula
61
What type of liqueur is cointreau?
Proprietary
62
Where is Cointreau from and what is it flavoured with?
France
| Orange zest
63
Name two famous liqueur companies
Marie Brizzard
| Giffards
64
Where is Campari from?
Italy
65
What italian town is Aperol from and what is the main botanical?
Padova
| Rhubarb
66
Where is liquor 43 from and what is its main flavour?
Spain
| Vanilla
67
Which liqueuer is believed to have 130 botanicals?
Chartreuse
68
D.O.M as in Benedictine, stands for what?
Deo Optimo Maximo
69
Where is De Kuyper from? (Town and Country)
Scheidan, Holland
70
What flavour is midor?
Melon
71
Name 2 herbal liqueurs
Chartreuse and Benedictine D.O.M
72
Who was drinking beer 4000 years ago in Mesopetaria?
Summerians
73
Malting process in 4 stages
Soak grain in water
Germination begins
Dry out grain
Provokes chemical reaction turning starch into sugar
74
What is the difference in the malting process for stout compared to other lagers?
They roast some of the grain instead of just drying it which is what gives it its dark colour
75
How would you treat the grain in roasting to achieve the colour you want?
Darker colour needs a higher temperature
| Lighter colour = lower temperature
76
What container is used to combine the grist and water?
Mash tun
77
What is the production process for beer?
```
Malting
Mashing
Wort Boiling
Wort Separation
Fermentation
```
78
What temperature does the mashing process need to be at for the barley to dissolve into the water?
65 degrees C
79
When are the hops added?
During wort boiling
80
How long do top fermented beers take to ferment?
4-6 days
81
How long do bottom fermented beers take to ferment?
10+
82
Give an example of a bottom fermented beer type
Pale lager
83
What city is Porter (beer) affilliated with?
London
84
Name 2 pale lagers
Bud, Carlsberg, Peroni etc...
85
What does IPA stand for?
India Pale Ale
86
What is the best known Stout?
Guiness
87
What grain is scotch whisky always made from?
Barley
88
What is the most famous single malt?
Glenfiddich
89
What is the production process for whiskey?
Malting, mashing, fermenting, distillation and aging
90
How much of the flavour of whiskey is said to come from the aging process?
70%
91
Which scotch is the only one to be distilled 3 times?
Auchentoshan
92
Name the two stills are usd in whiskey distillation when it is distilled twice. (The exam will ask for the second still)
1. wash still
| 2. Spirit still
93
Name to things about grain whisky that make it different to malt
1. contains a column distilled, neutral, grain spirit
| 2. Not necessarily maded entirely using barley
94
What is the difference between blended scotch whiskey and other scotch whiskeys?
> You can use whiskey from any distillery
> Makes up 90% of the scotch whisky market
> Can contain neutral grain spirit
95
2 things that make single cask whiskey different from other scotch whiskeys?
> has to produced in one distillery
> Bottled at cask strength (approx 55%)
96
Name an irish whiskey?
Jamesons
97
How many times is irish whiskey distilled?
Three times
98
Who first made American whiskey?
Scottish and Irish Settlers in america
99
What happend in 1920?
the Volstead Act a.k.a. prohibition
100
What is whiskey aged in?
fresh, charred american white oak casks
101
Most famous tennessee whiskey?
Jack Daniels
102
What is differnent about tenessee whiskey compared to the other styles of american whiskey? And what is the name given to the process?
Maple Charcoal filtered
| Lincoln county process
103
what is the minimum maturation time for bourbon?
2 years
104
Where was rye whiskey originally made and what is the minimum rye content?
pennsylvania
| 51%
105
When does the productiuon of wine date back to?
4,000BC
106
Where does the saying 'no wine, no love' come from?
Ancient greece
107
What are the two names given to someone who makes wine?
Vintner
| Wine Maker
108
What is the name for the process of making wine?
Vinification
109
Name 2 wine producing regions in france?
bordeaux and burgundy
110
Where are chianti grapes produced?
Toscana
111
What is the number 1 wine region in spain?
Rioja
112
Name wine making countries expect italy france and spain
Australia, Germany, New Zealand etc
113
2 reasons to decant wine
1. aerate wines
| 2. remove sedement
114
what fruit is cognac made from?
Grapes
115
What was the first cognac producing town?
La Rochelle
116
What is the preferred grape type for cognac?
Ugni Blanc
117
What destroyed the grape vines, causing the french to use american varietys?
Phylloxera plague
118
What is cognac distilled in and how many times?
Alambic Charentaise pot stills
| twice
119
Name the 6 cognac regions
```
grand champagne
petite champagne
finns bois
bonns bois
bois a terroir
borderies
```
