de lisle nutrient, pancreas

Question 1

what surface of the pancreatic acinar cell of the proximal duct is the CFTR?

Answer 1

apical

Question 2

CFTR secretes and then reabsorbs Cl, as it is reabsorbed what ion passes from cell to the lumen? Where does this occur?

Answer 2

HCO3 in the proximal duct

Question 3

In the distal duct, how does the CFTR channel change?

Answer 3

it becomes basically an HCO3 channel

Question 4

When CFTR is defective?

Answer 4

HCO3 aggregate in the duct and the exocrine pancreas is autodigested. Can be treated with porcine pancreas

Question 5

What form of sugars are absorbed in the small intestine?

Answer 5

monosaccharides

Question 6

salivary and Pancreatic alpha amylase is broken down itno

Answer 6

amylose

Question 7

brush border enzymes convert _______saccharidases and __saccharidases to monosaccharidases for absorption

Answer 7

oligo and di

Question 8

where is lactase contained?

Answer 8

brush border of enterocyte

Question 9

where does amylase cleave?

Answer 9

alpha 1,4

Question 10

What bond can’t amylase break down?

Answer 10

1,6

Question 11

amylase hydrolyzes starch to alpha______, _______ose, and _______ose

Answer 11

alpha dextrin

maltotriose

maltose

Question 12

COOh digestion and Absorption is ______dependent through which transporters?

Answer 12

Sodium, SGLT1

Question 13

How do glucose, galactose, fructose enter the cell and through which transporter?

Answer 13

facilitated diffusion

via GLUT 5 n the intestine

Question 14

Through which transporter do monosaccharides exit the cell basolaterally into the blood and serosal space?

Answer 14

GLUT2 (sodium dependent, facilitated diffusion)

Question 15

what proteins control paracellular Na+ permeability in the small intestine?

Answer 15

Claudin
part of the zonula occludens

claudin type determines the permeability

Question 16

why does the intestine need to paracellularly recycle sodium?

Answer 16

to allow for sodium cotransport of Glucose, AA, Lipid, and Bile Acid reabsorption

Question 17

where does protein digestion start and where does majority occur?

Answer 17

starts in the stomach with pepsin, continues in the intestines via pancreatic proteases.

Question 18

Pancreatic Proteases (pro form/zymogen)

Answer 18

trypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen
Proelastase
Procarboxy A
Procarboxy B

Question 19

Which pancreatic proteases produce free amino acids and what does that indicate about where they cleave?

Answer 19

Carboxypeptidase A and B

they cleave single terminal AAs

Question 20

Which pancreatic proteases produce free amino acids and what does that indicate about where they cleave?

Answer 20

Carboxypeptidase A and B

they cleave single terminal AAs

Question 21

Where is enterokinase selectively expressed and what does it act on?

Answer 21

brush border membrane enzyme

acts on trypsinogen

Question 22

Trypsin–Basic terminal AA– broken down by

Answer 22

Carboxy B

Question 23

Chymotrypsin results in peptide ith Neutral AA

Answer 23

Carbozy A

Question 24

How are amino acids absorbed by the intestinal epithelium ?

Answer 24

Na depedent exchanger

Question 25

How are small peptides absorbed into the intestinal cells (a difference between COOH and proteins)

Answer 25

PEPT1 a H+ cotransporter H+ is recycled via sodium hydrogen exchanger

Question 26

where are CCK cells (I cells)?

Answer 26

Duodenum

Question 27

Enterocytes release CCK-RP when stimulated by ___ and ____

Answer 27

Fatty acids and Amino Acids

Question 28

what peptide does the pancreas release to stimulate the I cell?

Answer 28

Monitor peptide

Question 29

When Trypsin is bound to protein after a high protein meal what happens to CCK?

Answer 29

Trypsin usually inhibits the release of CCK via the I cell, so when the trypsin is bound to protein, it can't inhibit the I cell leading to release of CCK and subsequent stimulation of the gallbladder and pancreas, decrease gastric emptying

Question 30

Major lipolytic enzyme is_____ and released by____ and requires?

Answer 30

Pancreatic Lipase requires colipase, neutral pH, bile salts

Question 31

Where do lipases act?

Answer 31

lipid-water interface of the triglyceride droplet

Question 32

What is the role of bile salts in assisting with the binding of colipase to the lipase at the droplet interface?

Answer 32

Bile salts emulsify lipids into micelles

Question 33

What is unique about the absorption short and medium triglycerides?

Answer 33

They can be absorbed into the portal venous blood directly

Question 34

Long chain fatty acids have to be absorbed then reesterified and packaged with proteins into a _____

Answer 34

chylomicron

Question 35

Short and medium chain TGs go to the portal venous system whereas the LCFA chylomicrons go to the

Answer 35

chyle lymphatics (via the lacteal)

Question 36

what is procolipase activated by to form colipase and enterostatin (satiety agent)

Answer 36

trypsin

Question 37

hydrophobic side of bile salt is facing______ and is comprised of

Answer 37

facing inside comprised of cholesterol (TAG tails)

Question 38

Mixed Micelle are

Answer 38

DAG, FA, MAG, lysophosphitic acid, bile salts

Question 39

RER produces what protein necessary for formation of chylomicrons?

Answer 39

ApoB

Question 40

constitutive exocytosis

Answer 40

chylomicrons made and immediately go to lymphatics

Question 41

are the brush border hydrolases higher in the crypts or villi?

Answer 41

in the villi

Question 42

is nutrient transport higher in the villus or crypt?

Answer 42

higher in the villus

Question 43

is permeability higher in villus or crypt

Answer 43

higher in the crypt

Question 44

Bile salt and B12 absorption mainly in

Answer 44

Terminal ileum

Question 45

Hydrolases and Nutrient transporters are highest in what part of the small intestine?

Answer 45

The brush border of the microvilli of the Jejunum

Question 46

Iron absorption is mainly in the

Answer 46

duodenum