Debussy, Estampes Flashcards by molly oliver

Estampes meaning
What style of composer was Debussy?

Prints (pictures, paintings)
Impressionist (new) as didn’t like the norm
French, keen to break away from German romantic song (something diff as all the same)

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Padoges meaning
How is a padoges represented?

East Asian house
Image in first 2 bars: bass = stable, higher = unstable

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What is Javanese gamelan?
Affect on ‘padoges’

“To hit with a hammer”
Series of percussion instruments

Plodding, dissonant sound throughout
Rubato / improv = free feeling, little sense of pulse

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Idea that runs throughout ‘Padoges’

Triplet oscillation

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Use of piano
‘Padoges’

Large sonority: uses range to max

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Gamelan elements in ‘Padoges’ structure

Gong like (5ths) opening = gamelan spiritual leader, gong always on 8th beat but, here on 1st

Bar 10 gong pedal replaced with G#, remains to end = one tone running throughout

Short 2 bar interval = sets oriental scene

Bar 15 cross rhythms with LH triplets against RH 2 quavers, reappears throughout = element, virtuosic

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Form/texture of ‘Padoges’

Loose ternary form (ABA)

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Tone of ‘Padoges’

Suggested Bmaj / G#min (relative)
Bass G# suggests G#min
Neither established

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Triads
Effect
Describe the harmony
‘Padoges’

Avoids straightforward triads
Lots added notes
Harmonically ambiguous

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How are the gongs in the intro played? ‘Padoges’

Cross hands: 2nd chord m.d. = RH, 3rd chord m.g. = LH

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Rhythms of ‘Padoges’ (3)

Bar 31: becomes syncopated (offbeat)
From bar 33: swaying up, down theme develops
Bar 78:
Accomp in RH = rippling hemi-demi-semi quavers, high tessitura
Melody in LH = inverted

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Last section range
Ending dynamics
‘Padoges’

Bottom octave B

Bar 97: ‘aussigne possible’ = always as quiet as possible
End bar 98: ‘laissez vibrer’ = let sound evaporate

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Dynamics throughout
Bar 39
Bar 69 volume
Climax volume, when
How is a sparodic section of dynamics created?
What dynamics aren’t used?
‘Padoges’

Rarely above p (quest allows to hear vibration)
A few crec and dim
P
Ff (climax) bar 73
3 staves ff, bar later p, quest to end aft
No metzo: gamelan element

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How is the texture thickened?
(Allowed as verb bit noun)
Movement of texture
Imitative meaning
‘Padoges’

Lots octave doubling
Lots contrary motion
Ideas passed around, used over + over

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Melody element
How is there parallel motion?
‘Padoges’

Ostinatosi throughout
Lots parallel 4ths (played going up + down)

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Scales used
‘Padoges’

It’s pentatonic
Whole tone scale: inspired by Revel, weird, WL = VW
Slender scale: gamelan element
I II IV VI I
C D F A C = not normal

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How is there’s big displacement of the beat?
Caused by?
‘Padoges’

Ideas come back, but on diff beats of the bar
Partly by syncopation

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Chords of ‘Padoges’

Added chords

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4th and 5ths are what?
‘Padoges’

Weird
Rare in harmony
Statement
Non conventional

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La soirée dans Grenadè meaning
Inspiration of No.2

An evening in Grenada
Grenada (Spain) visit

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Flamenco influence in No.2

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Habanera rhythm throughout
Dotted quaver, semi-quaver, quaver, quaver
Rhythm originally a Cuban dance

Sound of flamenco guitar: bar 109, 115 interjection

How is No.2 expressive + from a far (‘eg lointain’)?

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Moorish lament with augmented 2nd: B# -> A
Comes round again + again, south Spain element

Form
No.2

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Loose ternary form (ABA)

Range of No.2
Use of pedal

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6 octave, uses most of piano, virtuosic
Full use of sus + dampen

Texture form bar 15 3 part texture at bar 51 Bar 19-106 No.2

Hetrophonic: 2 melodies at once, one more intricate Melody moves to middle Habanera in bass Chords in top Octave melody returns in middle Pedal E bottom Habanera in block chords on top

How is guitar made to sound flamenco like? When? No.2

Arpeggiated block chords like a strum Bar 17, 20 Bar 29 = 4th higher

How is the melody close? What is also close? No.2

Conjunct Harmony

What returns bar 61? (Has appeared before) No.2

Up + down by 3rds

Scotch snap No.2

Aka lumbaric rhythm Dotted rhythm replaced Also displacement in No.1 too WL = Scottish fantasies by Bruch Returns: bar 69 bar 115-6 bar 119 syncopated

When does the main melody start in bar 41? Describe For how long? No.2

Last 1/2 beat Of 41 Triumphant, parallel octaves, falling parallel melody 10 bars

When is there a false relation? How? What does this show? What did this contrast with No.2

Bar 51 (same time as when melody moves to middle of 3 part texture) C# and C natural Shows piece coming to end Moorish lament

Avec plus d’as andon meaning When? No.2

With more abandon, show off + rubato Bar 67

Bar 128-9 No.2

Recap of flamenco melody elements

En allant se perdant meaning When No.2

Small dream/memory Small recaps = the small memory Diatonic Very functional Bar 130

How is No.2 Ronald ambiguous?

C# maj or F# min Opening suggests F# min but no determiner

When is the pedal note used? What acts as the pedal in bar 23? How is a suspended chord created in the pedal, when?

Always Bar 17: C# which slightly confirms C# key But… Bar 29: F#, ‘are we in C# or F#?’ Bar 59: reprise of C# (inverted pedal) Bar 98: dominant on E when in A maj Habanera rhythm as tied Bar 38: pedal C# + F#, open 5th with 4th on top (no 3rd)

When does the habanera rhythm start?

Bar 1, no real intro

When is No.2 harmonically parallel? Meaning Tempo at that time

Bar 17 Moving equally Tempo gusto

How is the bass harmonically ambiguous? When? Adds to what? No.2

Repeating 5ths Bar 16 Uncertainty

When is the whole tone scale used? No.2

Bar 23

What key is hinted later on they isn’t C# maj or F# min? No.2

A maj (more regular key)

How does No.2 have no conventional harmony? When? WL

Lots open 5ths (not 3rds) 1st, 5th, octave above, 4th From bar 38 VW

Why are there few accidentals? When from? No.2

Mainly diatonic Bar 56-60

Who is No.2 atmospheric bars 78 + 82?

Dense parallel chord movement in pp

What mode is an interjection in? Léger et lointain meaning How is the second interjection diff? No.2

Mixolydian: Bflat = flattened 7th From a far, light Harmonic parallelism Major 6th higher: shows development Still has parallel chord movement

What chord does No.2 end in? Why is it unstable?

A major 1st inversion

When is 3 part melody first implied? Why? How long is it established for? When does it return? When is it properly established? No.2

Beginning Bc of pedal 3 bars Bars 41-52, 67 onwards Bar 96

Rhythms throughout No.2

Syncopation Triplets

Texture of No.2 When is texture most dense? Texture bars 90-91 When does the homophonic texture return? Describe towards end

Constantly changing Mosley homophonic Bar 78 Monophonic Bar 109 More simple: 3pt texture has less going in

What is the 3 part texture reminiscent of?

Organ textures (2 hands and feet)

What does the structure have that makes it strong? How? No.2

Strong harmonic base Built in 4ths and 5ths

Bar 130: how is the playing of the pedal diff?

End gives specific playing instructions compared to more free throughout

Debussy, Estampes Flashcards

(52 cards)