R v MORLEY - intention to deceive
R v MORLEY
The intention to deceive requires that the deception be practiced in order to deceive the affected party. Purposeful intent must exist at the time of the deception
R v HAYES - pecuniary advantage
R v HAYES
A pecuniary advantage is “anything that enhances the accused’s financial position.
R v HAYES - valuable consideration
R v HAYES
A valuable consideration is “anything capable of being valuable consideration, whether of a monetary kind or of any other kind; in short, money or money’s worth”.
FISHER v RAVEN - obligation to pay or repay
FISHER v RAVEN
Refers to the obligation on the debtor to pay or repay in the time given to do so by the creditor. The obligation to pay must be legally enforceable
R v MCKAY - Intention to deceive
R v MCKAY
Intention to deceive must exist when credit obtained.
R V MORLEY - Loss
R v MORLEY
The loss alleged by the victim must have been:-
- As a result of the deception.
- It doesn’t to be the only operating factor,
- As long as it played a part in causing the loss.
