Deck 1

Question 1

insert lecture from October 4th here

Answer 1

start of digestive system

Question 2

Ameloblasts originate from which layer and secrete what

Answer 2

inner enamel epithelium, enamel

Question 3

Odontoblasts secrete…

Answer 3

predentin then dentin

Question 4

parts of the enamel organ

Answer 4

1) inner enamel epithelium
2) outer enamel epithelium
3) stellate reticulum
4) Dental papilla
5) Odontoblasts
6) Dental sac

Question 5

Striations in the dentin are called what?

Answer 5

dentinal tubules

Question 6

How do salivary glands develop?

Answer 6

become inverted in the mesenchymal tissue and become a gland, invaginations of the oral epithelium into the lamina propria.

Question 7

What is a salivary gland?

Answer 7

exocrine gland in the mouth that produces saliva which has digestive and lubricating properties.

Question 8

two types of salivary glands

Answer 8

major and minor

Question 9

Of the two salivary glands which is located further from the buccal cavity?

Answer 9

major

Question 10

four major salivary glands?

Answer 10

parotid, mandibular, sublingual, zygomatic

Question 11

four minor salivary glands?

Answer 11

labial, lingual, buccal

Question 12

order of emptying ducts

Answer 12

striated–>intercalated–>seromucus

Question 13

5 features of salivary glands

Answer 13

compound, exocrine, lobulated, merocrine, all secrete saliva (most are mixed seromucus glands)

Question 14

Which animals experience conditioned reflex flow of saliva or salivate under the suggestion of food?

Answer 14

dogs and pigs?

Question 15

Which animals experience unconditioned reflex flow of saliva or only salivate when food is present in their mouth?

Answer 15

Ungulates

Question 16

Round secretory unit

Answer 16

acinus

Question 17

elongated secretory unit

Answer 17

tubular

Question 18

combination secretory unit

Answer 18

tubuloalveolar

Question 19

Characteristics of mucous cells

Answer 19

compressed basal nuclei, cytoplasm doesn’t stain well, secrete mucin, wide lumen, pyramid shaped

Question 20

Characteristics of serous cells

Answer 20

round basal nuclei, well stained cytoplasm, secretes enzymes and proteins, small lumen

Question 21

What does the parotid salivary gland secret that initiates hydrolysis of carbohydrates?

Answer 21

alpha amylase

Question 22

Release of bile and pancreatic juice is controlled by what structure?

Answer 22

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 23

Sphincter of Oddi is stimulated by which hormones?

Answer 23

CCK or cholecystokinin

Question 24

How can you ID alpha cells in islets of Langerhans?

Answer 24

immunostaining by antiglucagon stain

Question 25

How can you identify islets of Langerhans in H&E?

Answer 25

Its lighter staining

Question 26

Which structure is pancreatic juices secreted?

Answer 26

Into the duodenum

Question 27

Parenchyma has what two major cell types?

Answer 27

Hepatocytes and phagocytotic Kupper cells

Question 28

What are the blood channels called that separate hepatocytes?

Answer 28

sinusoids

Question 29

Islet of Langerhans have three primary endocrine functions, what are the three cells types and what hormones do they secrete?

Answer 29

Alpha - glucagon Beta - Insulin Delta - somatostatin

Question 30

What is the primary function of the fetal liver?

Answer 30

Fetal hematopoiesis

Question 31

What is the name of the male gametes?

Answer 31

spermatozoa

Question 32

Which two glands secrete the majority of the seminal fluid?

Answer 32

Seminal vesicles and prostate gland

Question 33

Purpose of the bulbourethral glands of Cowper

Answer 33

to secrete lubricating fluid for the passage of semen through the urethra during ejaculation

Question 34

Endocrine component of testis is made up of two cell types that produce what two hormones?

Answer 34

Leydig cells - testosterone | Sertoli cells - estrogen

Question 35

Tunica albuginea

Answer 35

the white fibrous covering the testies, collagen is the main component and is covered by the tunica vaginalis

Question 36

Testicular lobules are made up of what smaller structure?

Answer 36

seminiferous tubules

Question 37

Seminiferous tubules are surrounded by the ...

Answer 37

basal lamina

Question 38

Classify epithelium of the testis parenchyma

Answer 38

stratified epithelium

Question 39

Function of sertoli cells

Answer 39

sustentacular cells called "nurse cells" that support developing gametes

Question 40

what shape is the nucleus of the sertoli cells?

Answer 40

triangular

Question 41

What is the process of sperm maturation?

Answer 41

spermatogonia type A-->.spermatogonia type B --> primary spermatocyte-->secondary spermatocyte-->spermatids-->spermatozoa

Question 42

What cells create the blood-testis barrier?

Answer 42

sertoli cells - sertoli cells are held together by occluding tight junctions

Question 43

BIological significance of blood testis barrier

Answer 43

create immune privileged area, they must have their own immunity or else the body will attack and destroy them as though they were foreign.

Question 44

Which structure during sperm maturation is a haploid cell? (1n DNA)

Answer 44

spermatid

Question 45

At which period does chromosomal cross-over occur?

Answer 45

primary spermatocyte - this is biologically significant to creating genetically different cells

Question 46

metamorphosis takes place between which two maturation phases?

Answer 46

spermatids to spermatozoa

Question 47

What structure contains hyaluronidase enzymes?

Answer 47

the acrosomal cap

Question 48

Unnecessary cytoplasm off the spermatozoa is engulfed by which cells?

Answer 48

sertoli cells

Question 49

what structure extends to produce flagellum of the spermatogonia?

Answer 49

centrioles

Question 50

Why is genetic diversity important?

Answer 50

- disease resistance | - adaptability to environmental changes

Question 51

What is the mechanism of erection

Answer 51

vasodilation of blood vessels in erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum and corpus spogiosum)