Deck 2 (slides 5-11) Flashcards
(20 cards)
Darwin noticed that tortoises on different islands had different _________ shells.
Shaped
Darwin also noticed the Finches on the islands were also noticeably different from each other; they mostly varied in size and shape of _______.
Beams
Darwin noticed that each species of Finch was well suited to the life it led; finches that ate insects had sharp, ________-like beaks and finches that ate seeds had strong, ________ beaks.
Needle, wide
After Darwin returned to England, he spent ____ years thinking about his observations from his trip.
20
Darwin reasoned that the plants and animals that arrived in the Galápagos faced different _____________ __________ from those of the mainland.
Environmental conditions
Darwin thought perhaps species gradually __________ over many generations to become better __________ to the new environmental conditions; he called this gradual change in species over time The Theory of ___________.
Changed, adapted, Evolution
Considering what causes evolutionary change, Darwin knew that people could use _________ breeding to produce organisms with desired _________.
Selective, traits
An example of selective breeding was when Darwin had personally bred pigeons with large, fan-shaped ______ by allowing only those pigeons with the _______ tail feathers to mate for many generations.
Tails, most
Selective breeding is also called __________ selection.
Artificial
Selective breeding and artificial selection is most evident in broccoli/cabbage/cauliflower, which is descended from _________ __________.
Yellow Mustard
Darwin reasoned that a process similar to selective breeding must occur in _________.
Nature
Darwin called the process in which nature decides which organisms breed __________ ____________.
Natural selection
Natural selection is the driving force behind _________.
Evolution
Natural selection is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to ________ and _________ than other members of the same species.
Survive, reproduce
During the process of natural selection, nature selects which organisms reproduce by which organisms _________ and those that survive are those that are better ___________ to their environments.
Survive, adapted
Natural selection is often called “_________ of the _________.”
Survival, fittest
A summary of Darwin’s theory includes _________, ____________, and __________.
Variation, overproduction, competition
Variation is when individual organisms within a species differ from each other and some of this variation is ___________ (if all alike-no natural selection-all equally likely to die or live).
Inheritable
Overproduction is when organisms produce more offspring than can __________.
Survive
Competition is when because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for _________ resources (struggle for existence).
Limited
