Deck 3 Flashcards
(349 cards)
What antibiotics cover anaerobes
Clindamycin Metronidazole Moxifloxacin Amox-clav Pip-tazo Ertapenem
What antibiotics cover ESCAPPM bacteria
Cipro Gentamicin Ceftazadime Cefepime Meropenem
What are the ESCAPPM organisms?
Enterobacter Serratia Citrobacter Aeromonas Proteus Providencia Morganella
What antibiotics cover pseudomonas?>
Cipro Gentamicin Ceftazadime Cefepime Meropenem Pip-tazo
What antibiotics cover E. coli, klebsiella and proteus?
Cipro Gentamicin Moxifloxacin Ceftriaxone Ceftazidime Cefepime Pip tazo Amixicillin-->ecoli and klebsiella only Amox clav--> ecoli and klebsiella only Meropenem Ertapenem
What antibiotics cover strep?
Penicillin Amoxicillin Cephazolin Clindamycin Vanco, linezolid Cipro Moxifloxacin Cefuroxime Ceftriaxone Cefepime Amox clav Pip tazo Meropenem
Which antibiotics cover MSSA?
Cephazolin Clindamycin Rifampin Vancomycin Linezolid Cipro Cefepime Amox clav Piptazo Meropenem
Which antibiotics cover MRSA
Clindamycin Rifampicin Vancomycin Linezolid Daptomycin
What is typical angina
All three of–
- Substernal chest discomfort or heaviness
- Provoked by exertion or emotional stress
- Relieved by rest or nitro
(Atypical angina is two of the above)
(Non cardiac chest pain is none of the above)
What helps you call something “non cardiac” chest pain
None of the three features of typical angina
What are the CCS classes of angina?
I–chest pain with strenuous exercise
II–chest pain with more than two blocks flat ground or more than 1 flight of stairs
III–chest pain with 1-2 blocks flat ground or 1 flight of stairs
IV–chest pain at rest
What causes oxygen demand in the heart
HR
Contractility
Wall stress
What determines blood supply to the heart
Coronary vascular resistance
Oxygen carrying capacity
Coronary perfusion pressure
What are the 5 types of MI
- Type 1–spontaneous MI due to primary coronary event (atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion with acute embolic event)
- Type 2–MI secondary to ischemic imbalance (supply demand mismatch)
- Type 3–MI resulting in death when bio marker values are unavailable (sudden unexpected cardiac death before serum bio markers are collected for measurement)
- Type 4–MI related to PCI or stent thrombosis
- Type 5–MI related to CABG
What is an ACS
One of unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
Define unstable angina
One of:
- Rest angina lasting more than 20 min
- New onset angina (angina CCS more than III within two months of initial presentation)
- Increasing angina (crescendo pattern–increased by at least one CCS class within two months of presentation to at least CCSIII)
Define NSTEMI
Any of the features of unstable angina with bio marker elevation (with or without ECG changes)
Define STEMI
Defined by ECG changes
What are the non modifiable cardiac risk factors
Age
Gender
Family history
What are the modifiable cardiac risk factors
Diabetes
HTN
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking
Which bio markers are the most specific in ACS?
CKMB and troponin but are typically not elevated until 4-8 hours after the injury and must be repeated at q6h initially
What are some other things other than ACS that can cause a rise in troponin
Demand ischemia–> sepsis, LVH
Myocardial ischemia–> coronary vasospasm, stroke
Direct myocardial damage–> cardiac contusion, chemo, pericarditis
Chronic renal insufficiency
Myocardial strain–> CHF, PE
What are the ST elevation cut offs in men and women? Where must these elevations be?
Must be in two contiguous leads
Greater than or equal to 0.2 mV for men and 0.15 mV for women in leads V2 and V3, otherwise greater than or equal to 0.1 mV in other leads
What are the non invasive cardiac imagining techniques
Echo
MIBI
Cardiac CT angio