Deck 3: Routing Protocols

Question 1

Which of the following answers refers to a cloud computing service model in which clients, instead of buying all the hardware and software, purchase computing resources as an outsourced service from suppliers who own and maintain all the necessary equipment and software?

Answer 1

IaaS.

Question 2

Which cloud service model would provide the best solution for a web developer intending to create a web app?

Answer 2

PaaS.

Question 3

A DevOps practice that replaces manual configuration of hardware with automatic deployment through code is called?

Answer 3

IaC.

Question 4

Which of the terms listed below refers to a cloud computing feature that allows consumers to control the volume and type of utilized computing resources?

Answer 4

On-Demand self-service.

Question 5

Which of the following answers refers to a software or hardware that monitors network traffic and depending on the configuration settings applied to each data packet either blocks it or allows it to pass through?

Answer 5

Firewall (not packet filter).

Question 6

What is OSPF?

Answer 6

OSPF is Open Shortest Path First, is a link-state routing protocol. It is an Interior Gateway Protocol that gathers information from available routers and constructs a topology map.

Question 7

What is the Interior Gateway Protocol?

Answer 7

IGP is a routing protocol used within an autonomous system of a larger network. Unlike the EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) that manages routing between different systems, IGPs are designed for interior network routing efficiency.

One of the oldest IGPs is RIP (distance-vector routing). RIP uses hop count with a maximum of 15.

A more advanced OSPF is IGP that uses link-state routing algorithms.

Question 8

What are autonomous systems?

Answer 8

AS is a large network or group of networks that has a unified routing policy. Every computer or device that connects to the Internet is connected to an AS. An AS is assigned an official number or ASN that it uses to communicate with other AS’ and routers via the BGP.

Question 9

What is EGP?

Answer 9

Exterior Gateway Protocol is a protocol developed in the early 1980s and used to exchange routing information between gateways belonging to the same or different AS. It was eventually replaced by BGP. It relies soley on network reachability and does not consider metrics for calculating the best path.

Question 10

What is BGP?

Answer 10

Border Gateway Protocol is a standardized EGP designed to exchange routing and reachability information among AS’ on the Internet. It is the routing protocol of the global Internet and Service Provider private networks. It is a path-vector routing protocol and makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies or configured rule sets.

Question 11

RIP is?

Answer 11

Routing Information Protocol is a dynamic, distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as a metric to find the best path between source and destination. It has an AD (administrative distance) value of 120 and works on the Network layer of the OSI model. It uses port 520. It prevents loops by having a maximum hop count of 15 (16 is considered unreachable).

Question 12

Difference between distance vector and path vector routing protocols?

Answer 12

Distance-vector routing protocols are based on the concept of distance and hop count as the primary metrics for determining the best path. The most common distance-vector routing protocol is RIP. Path-vector routing protocols use AS path length. In path-vector routing protocols, each router maintains a table of the AS path length (the number of AS’ the data must pass through to reach its destination). The most common path-vector routing protocol is BGP.

Question 13

What is EIGRP?

Answer 13

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is a distance-vector protocol used in network for automating routing decisions and configuration. It is a Cisco proprietary tool, and is used by routers to share routes with other routers within the same AS. Unlike other protocols such as RIP, EIGRP only sends incremental updates.

Question 14

Examples of distance-vector routing protocols include?

Answer 14

RIP.
EIGRP.

Question 15

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) falls into the category of?

Answer 15

Hybrid routing protocols.

Question 16

The term “Default route” refers to a “last resort” network path used by a router for forwarding all packets with destination addresses not listed in its routing table.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

Which of the following is an exterior gateway protocol?

Answer 17

BGP.

Question 18

Which of the following answers refer(s) to (an) interior gateway protocol(s)?

Answer 18

RIP.
EIGRP.
OSPF.

Question 19

Which of the following terms refer to solutions used for controlling network resources and assigning priority to different types of traffic?

Answer 19

QoS.
Packet Shaping.
Not bandwidth caps.

Question 20

What is packet shaping?

Answer 20

Packet shaping is a bandwidth management technique used on computer networks to control the volume of traffic being sent per unit of time. It is also known as traffic shaping. Packet shaping works by delaying some or all datagrams to bring them into compliance with a desired traffic profile. It is always achieved by delaying packets.

Question 21

Data from multiple VLANs on a single switch is carried through a single network link between switches. This is often referred to as “trunking” or “VLAN multiplexing”, and each of the switches has a special port (trunk port) configured to pass all the data, regardless of the VLAN number, between all switches on a LAN. To allow for multiple VLANs on one link, frames from individual VLANs must be identified. The most common and preferred method, IEEE 802.1Q, adds a tag to the Ethernet frame header labeling it as belonging to a certain VLAN.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

Which of the following solutions enables combining several physical ports of a switching device into a single logical channel?

Answer 22

LACP.

LACP is Link Aggregation Control Protocol and is used to control the bundling of several physical link together to form a single logical link. It is defined in the IEEE 802.3ad standard and provides a method for network devices to negotiate automatic bundling of links by sending LACP packets to their peer.