Deck 6 Flashcards
(20 cards)
How is tapeworm infection treated?
Niclosamide 2 g STAT
NOTE: tapeworm is caused by Taenia solium (pork) or Taenia saginata (beef)
What is the recommended antibiotic treatment option for cholera?
Ciprofloxacin
List some manifestations of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Ascending epigastric aura Olfactory/gustatory hallucinations Ictal fear Lip smacking/swallowing Limb automatisms (fiddling, tapping)
NOTE: caused by hippocampal sclerosis
What is a major complication of diphtheria?
Myocarditis
Which chemotherapy agents are commonly associated with peripheral neuropathy?
Vincristine
Cisplatin (platinum containing compounds)
Docetaxel (taxanes)
What is the dose conversion between hydrocortisone and prednisolone?
20 mg IV/PO Hydrocortisone = 5 mg PO Prednisolone
Which translocation causes APML?
15;17
NOTE: it is associated with DIC
Which cytokine is a particularly important target in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
IL-6 (tocilizumab)
What is Ganser syndrome?
Dissociative disorder characterised by approximate answers, pseudohallucinations, somatic conversion, amnesia and reduced consciousness
What is the first-line treatment option for cervical dystonia?
Botulinum toxin injections
List some X-ray features of osteomyelitis.
Regional osteopaenia
Periosteal reaction
Focal bone lysis or cortical loss
How should exposure to hepatitis C be treated?
Monthly hepatitis C PCR
If it becomes positive, patients should be offered ribavirin and interferon (or daclatasivir)
What is Menetrier disease?
A rare condition associated with enlarged gastric folds in the fundus and body of the stomach
It causes epigastric pain, protein loss (hypoalbuminaemia) and hypochlorhydria
What are the features of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome?
Long QT
Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Why does urea increase in dehydration?
Vasopressin increases the activity of urea transporter 1 (UT-A1) in the collecting ducts
NOTE: the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the inner medullary collecting ducts are permeable to urea. Urea adds to the osmolality of the medullary interstitium, thereby allowing the nephron to concentrate urine.
Why do psoas abscesses form?
The iliopsoas muscle has a very rich blood supply meaning that it is predisposed to haematogenous spread of infection.
What is DRESS syndrome?
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
TRIAD: extensive skin rash + high fever + organ involvement (e.g. liver impairment)
NOTE: Occurs most commonly with use of anticonvulsants (e.g. carbamazepine), allopurinol and sulphonamide antibiotics.
Why do you give a STAT amikacin for the treatment of urosepsis?
Treat the ESBLs
NOTE: they will be resistant against co-amoxiclav
Briefly describe Gittelman, Bartter and Liddle syndrome.
Gittelman: dysfunction of Na-Cl cotransporter in distal convoluted tubule (effects similar to thiazide diuretic use), leads to low calcium and low magnesium
Bartter: dysfunction of Na-K-Cl triple transporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle (effects similar to loop diuretic use)
Liddle: prevention of degradation of ENaC in collecting duct (effects similar to hyperaldosteronism)
What is another name for pANCA?
Anti-myeloperoxidase antibody
NOTE: cANCA target proteinase 3
